Med Surg Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions

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Which of the nurse's assigned patients should be referred to the dietitian for a complete nutritional assessment? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. A 35-yr-old patient who reports intermittent nausea for the past 2 days
  • B. A 48-yr-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis who takes prednisone daily
  • C. A 23-yr-old patient who has a history of fluctuating weight gains and losses
  • D. A 64-yr-old patient who is admitted for debridement of an infected surgical wound
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. This patient reporting intermittent nausea may have altered nutritional intake, which warrants a referral to the dietitian for a complete nutritional assessment. Nausea can affect food intake and nutrient absorption, potentially leading to malnutrition. Options B, C, and D do not directly indicate a need for a dietitian referral based on the information provided. The patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking prednisone may benefit from dietary interventions, but the information provided does not specify any nutritional concerns. The patient with fluctuating weight gains and losses may have nutritional issues, but further details are needed to justify a dietitian referral. The patient admitted for debridement of an infected wound may have increased nutritional needs due to wound healing, but this alone does not warrant a dietitian referral without additional information on the patient's nutritional status.

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The most common cause of tooth loss in adults is

  • A. periodontal disease.
  • B. gingivitis.
  • C. pyorrhea.
  • D. dental caries.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults due to the severe damage it causes to the supporting structures of the teeth, such as the gums and bone. It leads to progressive destruction of the tissues surrounding the teeth, eventually resulting in tooth loss. Gingivitis (B) and pyorrhea (C) are stages of periodontal disease and not the primary cause of tooth loss. Dental caries (D) primarily affects the enamel and dentin of the teeth, leading to cavities, but it is not as common a cause of tooth loss in adults as periodontal disease.

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

  • A. Mechanical digestion of food
  • B. Chemical digestion of proteins
  • C. Absorption of nutrients
  • D. Neutralization of stomach acid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chemical digestion of proteins. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes like pepsin to break down proteins into peptides and amino acids. This process is essential for protein digestion. Mechanical digestion (A) occurs mainly in the mouth and intestines. Absorption of nutrients (C) primarily takes place in the small intestine. Neutralization of stomach acid (D) is not the primary role of the stomach; rather, the stomach maintains an acidic environment for digestion.

Which organ has the most metabolically active cells?

  • A. pancreas
  • B. liver
  • C. stomach
  • D. small intestine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: liver. The liver has the most metabolically active cells due to its crucial role in various metabolic processes, such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and glucose metabolism. It is responsible for producing enzymes and metabolizing nutrients. The pancreas, stomach, and small intestine are important organs, but they are not as metabolically active as the liver. The pancreas primarily produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar levels. The stomach digests food, and the small intestine absorbs nutrients. However, in terms of overall metabolic activity, the liver surpasses these organs.

Submucosal glands occur in the submucosa of the and they also occur in the _.

  • A. Oesophagus and ileum
  • B. Stomach and Duodenum
  • C. Stomach and ileum
  • D. Oesophagus and Duodenum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stomach and Duodenum. Submucosal glands are found in the submucosa of the stomach and duodenum. In the stomach, these glands secrete mucus and bicarbonate to protect the lining from stomach acid. In the duodenum, they secrete mucus to protect the lining from the acidic chyme entering from the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because submucosal glands are not typically found in the oesophagus or ileum. The rationale for the correct answer is based on the anatomical location and function of submucosal glands in the gastrointestinal tract.

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The client asks about foods he should avoid eating. Which of the following foods should the nurse tell him to avoid?

  • A. Nonfat milk
  • B. Chocolate
  • C. Apples
  • D. Oatmeal
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chocolate. Chocolate is high in fat and caffeine, which can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased acid reflux in GERD. Nonfat milk (A), apples (C), and oatmeal (D) are actually recommended for GERD as they are low in fat and acidic content, and can help reduce symptoms.

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