Nokea
Which part of the neuron has the highest concentration of Na.
- A. dendrites
- B. cell body
- C. synaptic knobs
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The intracellular concentration of Na+ is generally low in all parts of the neuron due to the action of the Na+, K+ ATPase pump, which actively transports Na+ out of the cell. Therefore, none of the listed parts have a high concentration of Na+.
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What do we call the layer of fatty tissue surrounding the axon of some neurons?
- A. cutaneous coating
- B. myelin sheath
- C. dendritic barrier
- D. synaptic sleeve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myelin sheath is a layer of fatty tissue that surrounds the axons of some neurons, providing insulation and increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission. Myelin is produced by glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to the myelin sheath, as seen in conditions like multiple sclerosis, can impair neural communication and lead to neurological symptoms.
What measures can help control the client's body temperature related to brain infection?
- A. Administering prescribed antipyretics.
- B. Reducing body hydration.
- C. Applying ice packs.
- D. Keeping the room temperature warm.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antipyretics directly address fever, reducing cerebral irritation.
The nurse instructs a client who has a neurological deficit regarding nutrition and diet. What should the client do?
- A. Eat two large meals instead of frequent small meals.
- B. Consume a diet low in fiber.
- C. Chew foods quickly.
- D. Be sure to take fluids frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staying hydrated is crucial for clients with neurological deficits to prevent constipation and urinary tract infections.
All of the following are branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT:
- A. Lacrimal nerve
- B. Infraorbital nerve
- C. Supraorbital nerve
- D. Infratrochlear nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve, not the ophthalmic division (V1). It supplies sensation to the lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip.
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter. Which disease or disorder results when the neurons in the brain that produce dopamine die?
- A. Multiple sclerosis
- B. Lou Gehrig disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
- C. Parkinson disease
- D. Seizure disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Parkinson disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors and rigidity. Multiple sclerosis and ALS involve different neurological mechanisms, while seizure disorders are related to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Dopamine's role in motor control is critical to understanding Parkinson disease.