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Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?
- A. An elderly black male with a history of smoking and alcohol use.
- B. A young,white obese female with no known health issues.
- C. A young black male with juvenile onset diabetes.
- D. An elderly white female with a history of pancreatitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking and alcohol use are major risk factors for pancreatic cancer, making the elderly black male with these habits at highest risk.
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The provider requests the nurse to start an infusion of an inotropic agent on a client. How should the nurse explain the action of these drugs to the client and spouse?
- A. It constricts vessels, improving blood flow.
- B. It dilates vessels, which lessens the work of the heart.
- C. It increases the force of the heart's contractions.
- D. It slows the heart rate down for better filling.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: It increases the force of the heart's contractions. Inotropic agents are medications that enhance the strength of the heart's contractions, improving cardiac output. This explanation is accurate because inotropic agents work by increasing the contractility of the heart muscle, leading to stronger contractions and improved pumping ability.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: It constricts vessels, improving blood flow - This is incorrect because inotropic agents primarily affect the heart's contractility, not vascular constriction.
B: It dilates vessels, which lessens the work of the heart - This is incorrect because inotropic agents do not primarily dilate vessels; their main action is on the heart's contractility.
D: It slows the heart rate down for better filling - This is incorrect because inotropic agents do not slow down the heart rate; they increase the force of contractions.
In summary, choice C is correct as inotropic agents increase the force of
A client with tuberculosis (TB) is taking isoniazid (INH). Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
- B. Avoid exposure to sunlight while taking this medication.
- C. Report any numbness or tingling in extremities.
- D. Have liver function tests done regularly.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Isoniazid (INH) can cause liver toxicity.
Step 2: Regular liver function tests help monitor for liver damage.
Step 3: Monitoring liver function is crucial to prevent serious complications.
Step 4: Other choices are not directly related to INH's side effects.
Summary: Choice D is correct as it directly addresses a potential serious side effect of INH. Choices A, B, and C are not directly relevant to the medication's side effects.
Match the phases of the nursing process with the descriptions (phases may be used more than once).
- A. None
- B. Analysis of data
- C. Priority setting
- D. Nursing interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Analysis of data corresponds to the Diagnosis phase, where health problems are identified based on assessed data.
For a patient on the chemotherapeutic drug vincristine (Oncovin), which of the following side effects should be reported to the physician?
- A. Fatigue.
- B. Nausea and vomiting.
- C. Paresthesia.
- D. Anorexia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paresthesia is a serious neurotoxic side effect of vincristine and requires immediate medical attention.
Which factors place a client at risk for serotonin syndrome?
- A. Coprescription of antidepressants from different classes such as MAOIs and SSRIs
- B. Abnormal levels of cortisol in the body
- C. Adequate time between weaning from one antidepressant drug to initiating another
- D. Premenstrual syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Combining certain classes of antidepressants increases serotonin levels excessively, leading to serotonin syndrome.