Nokea
Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?
- A. 43-year-old African American woman
- B. 57-year-old white woman
- C. 48-year-old African American man
- D. 62-year-old Latino woman
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: White women have a higher incidence of osteoporosis than Asian women, followed by African American women and Hispanic women.
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In order for a patient to flex the lower leg, which muscle must be contracted?
- A. Quadriceps
- B. Gastrocnemius
- C. Biceps femoris
- D. Rectus femoris
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The contraction of the biceps femoris allows for the contraction of the lower leg.
Which action should the nurse take when a patient with osteomyelitis of the right forearm is admitted with an open wound that is draining?
- A. Enforce a low-calorie diet.
- B. Initiate drainage and secretion precautions.
- C. Frequently do passive ROM on the elbow.
- D. Ambulate several times daily.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient with osteomyelitis should be at least in drainage and secretion precaution. The limb should be positioned for maximum comfort and left at rest. These patients are usually on bed rest and require a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
How is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) distinguished from osteoarthritis?
- A. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, systemic disease; osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of the joints.
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, degenerative disease; osteoarthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease.
- C. People with osteoarthritis are considered to be genetically predisposed; there is no known genetic component to rheumatoid arthritis.
- D. Osteoarthritis is often caused by a virus; viruses play no part in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: RA is thought to be a systemic, autoimmune disorder. Degenerative joint disease is also known as osteoarthritis.
The emergency department nurse observes for the two cardinal signs of a hip fracture in a newly admitted patient, which are the shortening of the injured leg and the rotation of that same leg.
Correct Answer: external
Rationale: The two cardinal signs of a fractured hip are the appearance of the shortening of the affected leg and the external rotation of that same leg.
Which will the home health nurse include monitoring for in the plan of care for an 82-year-old female with severe kyphosis from ankylosis?
- A. Urinary output
- B. Respiratory effort
- C. Sleep cycle
- D. Nutritional status
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe kyphosis may hinder the patient's ability to expand the rib cage and interfere with easy respiration. Severe kyphosis due to ankylosis will not affect the urinary output or the sleep cycle. Nutritional status is not necessarily impaired from severe kyphosis.