Nokea
Which percentage of the burden of sickness in the Netherlands can approximately be avoided?
- A. 30%
- B. 40%
- C. 50%
- D. 60%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dutch sickness 40% dodgeable, lifestyle tweaks cut chronic loads, not half or more. Nurses bank this, a prevention slice.
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A hospitalized patient who has received chemotherapy for leukemia develops neutropenia. Which observation by the nurse would indicate a need for further teaching?
- A. The patient ambulates several times a day in the room
- B. The patient's visitors bring in some fresh peaches from home
- C. The patient cleans with a warm washcloth after having a stool
- D. The patient uses soap and shampoo to shower every other day
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutropenia post-chemo low neutrophils craves germ-free zones; fresh peaches from home carry bacteria, a teaching gap as raw produce risks infection in this immune-wrecked state. Ambulation's safe, hygiene's spot-on washcloths and showers cut germs. Nurses reteach, banning unwashed fruit, a vital shield in leukemia's neutropenic peril, ensuring clients grasp this microbial minefield.
Which of the following is NOT involved with weight regulation?
- A. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)
- B. The lateral geniculate nucleus
- C. The lateral hypothalamic area
- D. The paraventricular nucleus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight's brain game ARC, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and solitary tract tunes hunger, satiety, and energy via hormones and gut signals. The lateral geniculate nucleus, a vision hub, sits out, irrelevant to food's dance. Clinicians map this circuitry, targeting obesity's roots, a chronic fix sidestepping eyeballs.
Diabetes mellitus can cause damage to the microvasculature and macrovasculature. Question: The microvasculature is involved in which of the following disorders?
- A. Nephropathy
- B. Retinopathy
- C. Polyneuropathy
- D. All answers are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes' micro hits kidneys, eyes, nerves all bleed small, no dodge. Nurses track this, a chronic tiny vessel trio.
A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who was recently diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following should be included in the client and family teaching?
- A. Low sodium diet
- B. Weekly weights
- C. Symptoms to report to the provider
- D. Fluid restriction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart failure management hinges on education to prevent exacerbations. A low sodium diet reduces fluid retention, easing cardiac workload crucial teaching for clients and families to grasp, as salt drives edema and hypertension, common pitfalls in heart failure. Weekly weights track fluid shifts daily is ideal, but weekly still aids while reporting symptoms like dyspnea flags worsening. Medication teaching ensures adherence, and fluid restriction may apply, but sodium's broader impact makes it foundational. Focusing on diet empowers lifestyle change, tackling a root cause over monitoring or restrictions alone, aligning with nursing's role in empowering self-care to stabilize this chronic condition long-term.
The definition of Chronic Heart Failure is:
- A. Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body.
- B. Long-term inability of the heart to meet metabolic demands required to maintain homeostasis.
- C. Prolonged enlargement of the left ventricle impacting on the contractility of the muscle.
- D. Long term fluid build-up, causing increase in blood volume and reducing the ability of the heart to maintain blood flow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a syndrome, not a singular defect. Failure to pump adequately describes acute failure but lacks chronicity's scope. CHF is the heart's prolonged inability to meet metabolic demands for oxygen and nutrients, disrupting homeostasis per Farrell (2017) encompassing systolic (reduced ejection) and diastolic (impaired filling) dysfunction. Left ventricular enlargement may occur (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy), but it's a cause or result, not the definition; contractility varies. Fluid buildup (congestion) is a feature, not the essence blood volume rises secondary to neurohormonal activation (e.g., renin-angiotensin system), not as the primary failure. The metabolic demand focus captures CHF's systemic impact fatigue, edema, dyspnea reflecting chronic adaptation failure over structural or fluid-centric descriptions.