Nokea
Which phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?
- A. digestion
- B. catabolism
- C. anabolism
- D. ketosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anabolism is the phase of metabolism responsible for building up and repairing tissues in the body. It involves processes that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. Digestion (choice A) is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption. Catabolism (choice B) involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Ketosis (choice D) is a metabolic state where the body uses fat as the primary source of energy, which is not directly related to growth and repair.
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What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?
- A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
- B. impair kidney function.
- C. increase weight loss.
- D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.
Which of the following monosaccharides is considered one of the most important in human nutrition along with glucose and fructose?
- A. Lactose.
- B. Galactose.
- C. Maltose.
- D. Sucrose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most important monosaccharides in human nutrition are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Galactose is crucial as it is one of the main components of lactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as lactose, maltose, and sucrose are disaccharides composed of two monosaccharide units.
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of cholesterol?
- A. 100 mg.
- B. 200 mg.
- C. 300 mg.
- D. 400 mg.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 300 mg. The recommended maximum daily intake of cholesterol is 300 mg to reduce the risk of heart disease. Option A (100 mg) is too low, which may not provide enough cholesterol for normal bodily functions. Option B (200 mg) is also below the recommended limit. Option D (400 mg) exceeds the recommended daily intake, increasing the risk of heart disease.
How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Plant sterols.
- C. Trans fats.
- D. Phospholipids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.
Which tissue has the highest rate of protein turnover?
- A. Skin
- B. Intestinal mucosa
- C. Muscle
- D. Adipose tissue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa has the highest rate of protein turnover due to its rapid cell renewal. The skin, muscle, and adipose tissue do not exhibit protein turnover rates as high as the intestinal mucosa. Skin cells turnover relatively slower compared to the rapid renewal of intestinal mucosa cells. Muscles have a moderate rate of protein turnover, while adipose tissue has a lower turnover rate compared to the other tissues mentioned.