Which process involves the use of nutrients inside cells?
- A. absorption
- B. assimilation
- C. digestion
- D. ingestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Assimilation involves the incorporation of absorbed nutrients into the cells for energy production or synthesis of new compounds.
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The primary site for absorption of water by the digestive system is the:
- A. oesophagus
- B. colon (large intestine)
- C. small intestine
- D. liver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The colon (large intestine) is the primary site for water absorption, consolidating waste into feces.
The loop of Henle pumps sodium ions from the ascending arm to the descending. What is this called?
- A. Counter current subtractor
- B. Counter current divider
- C. Counter current concentrator
- D. Counter current multiplier
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The countercurrent multiplier in the loop of Henle concentrates urine by moving sodium ions.
Which process matches the definition: The uptake of substances by the GI tract?
- A. Absorption
- B. Ingestion
- C. Peristalsis
- D. Assimilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absorption is the process by which nutrients are taken up from the GI tract into the bloodstream.
Bilirubin and biliverdin are formed in-
- A. Kidney
- B. Liver
- C. Salivary glands
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bilirubin and biliverdin are bile pigments formed in the liver from hemoglobin breakdown.
Match: Lacteal
- A. absorbs fat within the villi
- B. transports oxygen
- C. produces mucus
- D. secretes enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries within the villi that absorb dietary fats.