Nokea
Which process matches the definition: Vomiting - the result of forceful contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles?
- A. Emesis
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Deglutition
- D. Segmentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emesis is the medical term for vomiting, involving forceful muscle contractions.
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Match: Villi
- A. projections in the small intestine that absorb nutrients
- B. storage structures
- C. enzyme producers
- D. muscular layers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for efficient nutrient absorption.
The small intestine of a person contains a lower concentration of glucose than is present in the blood. The cells of the villi absorb glucose. By which process is the glucose absorbed?
- A. by active transport against the concentration gradient
- B. by active transport down the concentration gradient
- C. by diffusion against the concentration gradient
- D. by diffusion down the concentration gradient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose absorption in the small intestine occurs through active transport, particularly when the concentration of glucose is higher in the blood than in the intestine. This requires energy to move glucose against its concentration gradient.
The nurse is teaching classes on development to parents of toddlers. A parent asks when a child should be toilet trained. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that sphincter control is generally possible by age months. Provide a numeric answer.
- A. 18
- B. 24
- C. 30
- D. 36
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sphincter control typically develops around 24 months, enabling toilet training.
A client is to have a sigmoidoscopy to examine the sigmoid area of the gastrointestinal system. In teaching the client about the procedure, the nurse would explain that the purpose of the procedure is to examine the:
- A. Distal large intestine
- B. Stomach and small intestine
- C. Liver
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sigmoidoscopy examines the sigmoid colon, part of the distal large intestine.
In which regions of the alimentary canal does amylase act?
- A. mouth cavity and pancreas
- B. mouth cavity and ileum
- C. stomach and pancreas
- D. stomach and ileum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase acts in the mouth cavity and is also secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum.