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Which referral would be most appropriate for the client diagnosed with thoracic outlet syndrome?
- A. The physical therapist.
- B. The thoracic surgeon.
- C. The occupational therapist.
- D. The social worker.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physical therapy (A) helps relieve thoracic outlet syndrome symptoms through exercises and posture correction. Surgery (B) is rare, OT (C) is less specific, and social work (D) is unrelated.
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The health-care provider ordered a femoral angiogram for the client diagnosed with arterial occlusive disease. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Explain that this procedure will be done at the bedside.
- B. Discuss with the client that he or she will be on bedrest with bathroom privileges.
- C. Inform the client that no intravenous access will be needed.
- D. Inform the client that fluids will be increased after the procedure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Femoral angiograms require increased fluids post-procedure (D) to flush contrast dye. Bedside (A) is incorrect (done in cath lab), bedrest is strict (B), and IV access (C) is needed.
The nurse has just received the a.m. shift report. Which client would the nurse assess first?
- A. The client with a venous stasis ulcer who is complaining of pain.
- B. The client with varicose veins who has dull, aching muscle cramps.
- C. The client with arterial occlusive disease who cannot move the foot.
- D. The client with deep vein thrombosis who has a positive Homans’ sign.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inability to move the foot in arterial disease (C) suggests acute ischemia, a priority. Ulcer pain (A), cramps (B), and Homans’ sign (D) are less urgent.
Which teaching point should the nurse include for a client with cardiomyopathy? Select all that apply.
- A. Monitor for signs of heart failure.
- B. Avoid alcohol consumption.
- C. Take medications as prescribed.
- D. Engage in high-intensity exercise.
- E. Report sudden weight gain.
- F. Limit fluid intake as advised.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E,F
Rationale: Monitoring heart failure signs, avoiding alcohol, adhering to medications, reporting weight gain, and limiting fluids prevent complications.
Which risk factor revealed in the client's health history is most closely related to the development of varicose veins?
- A. The client's mother also has varicose veins.
- B. The client was a track athlete in high school.
- C. The client is a 50-year-old corporate executive.
- D. The client smokes one pack of cigarettes daily.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Varicose veins have a strong genetic component, so a family history, such as the client's mother having varicose veins, is a significant risk factor.
The nurse is teaching a class on atherosclerosis. Which statement describes the scientific rationale as to why diabetes is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
- A. Glucose combines with carbon monoxide, instead of with oxygen, and this leads to oxygen deprivation of tissues.
- B. Diabetes stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in peripheral constriction that increases the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Diabetes speeds the atherosclerotic process by thickening the basement membrane of both large and small vessels.
- D. The increased glucose combines with the hemoglobin, which causes deposits of plaque in the lining of the vessels.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis by thickening vascular basement membranes (C), promoting plaque. Carbon monoxide (A), sympathetic stimulation (B), and glucose-hemoglobin (D) are incorrect mechanisms.