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Which should be emhpasize by the nurse in her health teachings
- A. Jogging a mile a day
- B. Vigourous exercise
- C. No need to diet
- D. Weight reduction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight reduction is the most important focus in the health teachings provided by the nurse. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for overall well-being and can significantly reduce the risk of various health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. By emphasizing weight reduction, the nurse can help improve the patient's overall health and quality of life. Jogging a mile a day and vigorous exercise are beneficial for weight management, but it is important to address the root cause of potential health problems which in this case may be excess weight. Moreover, emphasizing the importance of weight reduction does not necessarily mean encouraging extreme dieting; instead, it involves promoting a balanced and healthy approach to eating and physical activity.
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In the tertiary hospital where the patient is referred , he was considered an emergency case. The nurse immediately call for a specialist who is ______.
- A. Neurologist
- B. Plebotomist
- C. Urologist
- D. Nephrologist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient was considered an emergency case upon referral to the tertiary hospital. Since a specialist was immediately called for by the nurse, the most likely specialist needed in an emergency situation is a neurologist. Neurologists are physicians who specialize in diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. In an emergency case where a patient's neurological condition needs urgent attention, a neurologist would be the most appropriate specialist to address the situation promptly and effectively.
Her diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder constantly does repetitive cleaning. The nurse knows that this behavior is probably MOST basically, an attempt to _______.
- A. Decrease the anxiety to a tolerable level
- B. Focus attention on non-threatening tasks
- C. Control others
- D. Decrease time available for interaction with people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The behavior of repetitive cleaning in someone diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder is likely an attempt to decrease the anxiety to a tolerable level. People with OCD often engage in compulsive behaviors, such as cleaning, in an effort to alleviate the distress and anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts. This repetitive action provides a sense of control and temporary relief from the anxiety associated with their obsessive thoughts. By engaging in cleaning rituals, individuals with OCD can try to reduce their anxious feelings and create a sense of order and cleanliness in their environment.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's ICP?
- A. Initiate hypertonic saline therapy for osmotic diuresis.
- B. Perform emergent craniotomy for hematoma evacuation.
- C. Implement head-of-bed elevation to promote cerebral venous drainage.
- D. Recommend sedative medications to reduce agitation and anxiety.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cases of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), a significant factor contributing to the elevated ICP is often the mass effect caused by the hematoma within the brain. Performing an emergent craniotomy for hematoma evacuation is a critical intervention to relieve the pressure within the intracranial space, thereby mitigating the risk of herniation and further neurological damage. While other interventions such as hypertonic saline therapy, head-of-bed elevation, and sedative medications may have supporting roles in managing ICP, none address the primary cause of elevated ICP in cases of acute intracerebral hemorrhage as effectively as hematoma evacuation through craniotomy.
A patient expresses frustration with the healthcare system's inefficiencies. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Dismiss the patient's frustration and assure them that the system is functioning optimally.
- B. Listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the challenges, and offer support.
- C. Ignore the patient's frustration and proceed with providing care.
- D. Tell the patient that their frustration is unwarranted and unnecessary.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's best response when a patient expresses frustration with the healthcare system's inefficiencies is to listen actively to the patient's concerns, acknowledge the challenges they are facing, and offer support. It is important for the nurse to validate the patient's feelings and demonstrate empathy, rather than dismissing or ignoring their frustrations. By offering support and showing understanding, the nurse can help the patient feel heard and valued, which is an essential aspect of providing patient-centered care. This approach can also help to strengthen the nurse-patient relationship and build trust, ultimately leading to better outcomes for the patient's overall healthcare experience.
Some common examples of screening tests are the following, EXCEPT ________.
- A. Pap smears for cervical cancer screening in women.
- B. Cholesterol levels in heart disease screening.
- C. PSA levels for prostate CA in men.
- D. Urinalysis for male and female clients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While urinalysis can provide valuable information about a person's health status and can be part of a clinical assessment, it is not typically considered a common screening test for specific diseases or conditions. The other options listed - Pap smears for cervical cancer screening, cholesterol levels for heart disease screening, and PSA levels for prostate cancer screening - are all commonly used screening tests aimed at early detection of specific diseases. Urinalysis is more commonly used as part of a broader health assessment or diagnostic evaluation rather than a dedicated screening tool for a specific condition.