Nokea
Which should be the major consideration in selecting toys for a child who is cognitively impaired?
- A. Age appropriateness
- B. Ability to teach useful skills
- C. Safety
- D. Ability to provide exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The major consideration in selecting toys for a cognitively impaired child should be safety (Choice C). Safety is crucial as children with cognitive impairments may have difficulty understanding potential dangers or using toys appropriately. Age appropriateness (Choice A) is important, but safety should take precedence. Teaching useful skills (Choice B) can be beneficial but may not be the primary focus. Providing exercise (Choice D) is valuable, but ensuring safety should come first.
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A complication of hemophilia is:
- A. Mucositis
- B. Hemoarthritis
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Acute Chest Syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemoarthritis. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder where blood does not clot properly. Hemoarthritis is a common complication, characterized by bleeding into joints leading to pain, swelling, and limited range of motion. Mucositis (A) is inflammation of mucous membranes, not specific to hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia (C) is a low platelet count, not directly related to hemophilia. Acute Chest Syndrome (D) is a complication of sickle cell disease, not hemophilia.
A nurse is caring for an adolescent with a closed femur fracture who also has HIV. What type of precautions should the nurse institute?
- A. The patient should be placed on neutropenic precautions due to the risk of osteomyelitis
- B. The patient should be placed on standard precautions to diminish the risk of HIV transmission
- C. The patient should be placed on contact precautions to prevent contact with blood or bloody fluid
- D. The patient should be placed on isolation once the HIV status is suspected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient should be placed on standard precautions to diminish the risk of HIV transmission. Standard precautions are used for all patients to prevent the transmission of infection. In this case, the adolescent has a closed femur fracture and HIV, so the nurse should follow standard precautions, which include hand hygiene, wearing gloves, and using personal protective equipment as needed. Neutropenic precautions (choice A) are not necessary unless the patient has a low white blood cell count. Contact precautions (choice C) are used for specific infections that are spread by direct contact with the patient or their environment. Isolation (choice D) is not required solely based on HIV status.
The expected finding of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) include:
- A. Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- B. Low urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- C. Increased urine output & decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone
- D. Increased urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low urine output & increased levels of antidiuretic hormone. In SIADH, there is an excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. This results in low urine output as the body retains water. Increased levels of ADH cause the kidneys to reabsorb more water, further contributing to low urine output. The other choices are incorrect because in SIADH, urine output is typically low, and ADH levels are elevated due to the dysregulation of the feedback mechanism that controls ADH release. Increased urine output and decreased levels of ADH (choice C) would be more indicative of diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by decreased ADH production or kidney insensitivity to ADH.
When assessing the child with atopic dermatitis, the nurse should ask the parents about a history of:
- A. Asthma
- B. Nephrosis
- C. Otitis media
- D. Neurotoxicity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Asthma. Atopic dermatitis is commonly associated with other allergic conditions, such as asthma. Asking about a history of asthma can help identify potential triggers and comorbidities. Nephrosis, otitis media, and neurotoxicity are not typically associated with atopic dermatitis, making choices B, C, and D incorrect. Always focus on relevant factors to provide effective care.
When should children with cognitive impairments be referred for stimulation and educational programs?
- A. As young as possible
- B. As soon as they have the ability to demonstrate verbal communication
- C. At age 3 when schools are required to provide services
- D. At age 5 when schools are required to provide services
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: As young as possible. Early intervention for children with cognitive impairments is crucial for optimal development. Early stimulation and educational programs can significantly improve outcomes. The brain's plasticity is highest in early childhood, making it the most effective time for interventions. Waiting until age 3 or 5 (choices C and D) may lead to missed opportunities for crucial development. Choice B limits the intervention to verbal communication, overlooking other important areas. Therefore, referring children as young as possible (choice A) is the best approach to ensure they receive the necessary support and resources early on.