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Which signs and symptoms are most appropriate for the nurse to investigate when screening adults who have come to be used to assess the patient's disease?
- A. Diarrhea, anorexia, and weight gain
- B. Constipation, weight loss, and thirst
- C. Polycholia, polyemia, and polyplegia
- D. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
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The male client diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis calls and reports to the clinic nurse he has been having a lot of 'gas,' along with frothy and very foul-smelling stools. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Explain this is common for chronic pancreatitis.
- B. Ask the client to bring in a stool specimen to the clinic.
- C. Arrange an appointment with the HCP for today.
- D. Discuss the need to decrease fat in the diet so this won't happen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Frothy, foul-smelling stools suggest malabsorption (e.g., pancreatic insufficiency), requiring urgent HCP evaluation. Explaining, stool samples, or diet changes are secondary.
The nurse is developing a plan of care for the client diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who has developed an infection in the adrenal gland. Which client problem is highest priority?
- A. Altered body image.
- B. Activity intolerance.
- C. Impaired coping.
- D. Fluid volume deficit.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenal infection may impair aldosterone production, causing fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia), a priority. Body image, activity, and coping are psychosocial and secondary.
Which electrolyte replacement should the nurse anticipate being ordered by the health-care provider in the client diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who has just been admitted to the ICU?
- A. Glucose.
- B. Potassium.
- C. Calcium.
- D. Sodium.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DKA causes potassium depletion due to acidosis and diuresis; replacement is anticipated to prevent arrhythmias. Glucose is not an electrolyte, and calcium/sodium are less critical.
A woman with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes mellitus says she wants to have children. She asks if she will be able to have children and if they will be normal. What is the best answer for the nurse to give?
- A. Women with diabetes should not get pregnant because it is very difficult to control diabetes during pregnancy.'
- B. Babies born to diabetic mothers are very apt to have severe and noncorrectable birth defects.'
- C. You should be able to safely have a baby if you go to your doctor regularly during pregnancy.'
- D. You should consult carefully with a geneticist before getting pregnant to determine how to prevent your baby from developing diabetes.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With regular medical care, women with Type 1 diabetes can have safe pregnancies, minimizing risks to the baby.
The emergency department nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with HHNS who has a blood glucose of 680 mg/dL. Which question should the nurse ask the client to determine the cause of this acute complication?
- A. When is the last time you took your insulin?
- B. When did you have your last meal?
- C. Have you had some type of infection lately?
- D. How long have you had diabetes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infections are a common trigger for HHNS, precipitating hyperglycemia. Insulin timing, meal timing, and diabetes duration are less directly causative.