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Which skin condition is characterized by patches of inflamed, reddened skin and is often triggered by allergens or stress?
- A. Eczema
- B. Psoriasis
- C. Acne
- D. Vitiligo
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eczema is the correct answer. It presents as patches of inflamed, reddened skin and can be triggered by allergens, stress, or other factors. Psoriasis, on the other hand, is characterized by red, scaly patches rather than inflamed and reddened skin. Acne manifests as pimples and blemishes, not patches of inflamed skin. Vitiligo is characterized by the loss of skin color in patches, which is distinct from the symptoms described in the question.
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Classifications of human tissues exclude:
- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Nervous tissue
- C. Adipose tissue (a specialized form of connective tissue)
- D. Bony tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Bony tissue. Classifications of human tissues typically include epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue types such as adipose tissue. Bony tissue, also known as bone tissue, is a specialized form of connective tissue that provides structural support and protection for the body. Therefore, it is not excluded from classifications of human tissues. Choices A, B, and C are valid types of human tissues and are correctly included in classifications of human tissues.
As a car accelerates from rest, what happens to its kinetic energy and the work done on it?
- A. Both kinetic energy and work done increase.
- B. Kinetic energy increases, but work done remains constant.
- C. Work done increases, but kinetic energy remains constant.
- D. Both kinetic energy and work done remain constant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a car accelerates from rest, its speed and kinetic energy increase. The work done on the car is what increases its kinetic energy, so both kinetic energy and work done increase simultaneously. Option A is correct because acceleration results in an increase in both kinetic energy and the work done on the car. Option B is incorrect because work done is required to increase kinetic energy during acceleration. Option C is incorrect as work done is directly related to the change in kinetic energy. Option D is incorrect as both kinetic energy and work done increase when the car accelerates.
What is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?
- A. Viruses
- B. Bacteria
- C. Fungi
- D. Parasites
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving treatment in a healthcare facility. Among the options provided, bacteria are the most common cause of HAIs. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to cause a wide range of infections in healthcare settings. While viruses, fungi, and parasites can also cause HAIs, bacteria are the most prevalent and significant pathogens responsible for these infections. Proper infection control measures, including hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and antimicrobial stewardship, are essential in preventing and controlling HAIs caused by bacteria.
Which of the following substances is an example of an acidic gas?
- A. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚)
- B. Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚)
- C. Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚)
- D. Oxygen (Oâ‚‚)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚). Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas because when dissolved in water, it forms sulfurous acid, which imparts acidic properties. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚), carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), and oxygen (Oâ‚‚) are not considered acidic gases. Nitrogen is a neutral gas, carbon dioxide forms a weakly acidic solution when dissolved in water, and oxygen is a neutral gas.
How do vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop memory without causing full-blown illness? What type of molecule in a vaccine typically triggers the immune response?
- A. Toxins produced by the pathogen
- B. Live, attenuated (weakened) forms of the pathogen
- C. Inactivated (dead) forms of the pathogen
- D. Antigens (specific molecules) from the pathogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vaccines work by triggering the immune system to develop memory without causing illness. They typically contain antigens, which are specific molecules from the pathogen. These antigens stimulate the immune system to produce a targeted immune response without causing full-blown sickness. By presenting these antigens, vaccines help the immune system create memory cells that remember the pathogen. This memory allows the immune system to respond more effectively if it encounters the pathogen in the future. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because vaccines do not typically contain toxins, live pathogens, or inactivated forms of the pathogen. Instead, vaccines primarily rely on specific molecules (antigens) to induce an immune response.