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Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between the end of the third stage and the mother's recovery from delivery?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fourth stage. The fourth stage of labor is the period immediately following the delivery of the baby and placenta, lasting up to 2 hours. This stage is crucial for monitoring the mother's vital signs and ensuring she recovers from the delivery process. It is characterized by postpartum uterine contractions, monitoring for excessive bleeding, and observing for signs of maternal complications. The first stage refers to the onset of labor until full dilation, the second stage is active labor and delivery of the baby, and the third stage is the delivery of the placenta. Therefore, the fourth stage is specifically focused on the mother's recovery from delivery, making it the correct choice.
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A nurse is assessing four newborns. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. A newborn who is 26 hr old and has erythema toxicum on their face.
- B. A newborn who is 32 hr old and has not passed a meconium stool.
- C. A newborn who is 12 hr old and has pink-tinged urine.
- D. A newborn who is 18 hr old and has an axillary temperature of 37.7° C (99.9° F).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A newborn who has not passed a meconium stool by 32 hours of age may have an obstruction or other gastrointestinal issue that requires further evaluation.
What is the recommended method of pain relief during labor for a woman with a low-risk pregnancy?
- A. Epidural anesthesia
- B. Spinal anesthesia
- C. Nitrous oxide inhalation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nitrous oxide inhalation. This is recommended for low-risk pregnancies because it provides pain relief without affecting the baby's heart rate or the progress of labor. It is self-administered by the woman, allowing for control over the dosage. Epidural and spinal anesthesia carry potential risks and may interfere with the natural process of labor. Choosing "All of the above" (D) is incorrect as epidural and spinal anesthesia are not recommended for low-risk pregnancies due to their potential side effects.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching about car seat safety to a parent of a newborn. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. “I will position my baby at a 45-degree angle in the car seat.
- B. I can place my baby in the front seat with the airbag turned off.
- C. I can turn my baby's car seat around when she weighs 15 pounds.
- D. I will place my baby in a forward-facing car seat in my back seat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Positioning the baby at a 45-degree angle in the car seat ensures proper airway alignment and reduces the risk of suffocation. Placing the baby in the front seat or turning the car seat too early are unsafe practices.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for combined oral contraceptives. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as an adverse effect of this medication?
- A. Depression.
- B. Polyuria.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Urticaria.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Depression is a known adverse effect of combined oral contraceptives due to the hormonal changes they induce.
A nurse is teaching a new parent about breastfeeding her 2-week-old infant. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. After 5 to 10 minutes when the breast is emptied, my baby should be removed from the breast.
- B. Manually expressing my milk will decrease my milk supply.
- C. My baby should always start on the same breast when feeding.
- D. The more my baby is at the breast sucking, the more milk I will produce.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent breastfeeding stimulates milk production, ensuring an adequate milk supply for the infant.