Nokea
Which stage of labor is characterized by the period between the onset of regular uterine contractions and full cervical dilation?
- A. First stage
- B. Second stage
- C. Third stage
- D. Fourth stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first stage of labor begins with the onset of regular contractions and ends with full cervical dilation.
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What is the recommended method of administering erythromycin ointment to a newborn?
- A. Intramuscular injection
- B. Oral administration
- C. Topical application
- D. Subcutaneous injection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Topical application. Administering erythromycin ointment to a newborn involves applying it directly to the eyes to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis. This method ensures direct contact with the affected area, allowing for maximum effectiveness while minimizing systemic absorption and potential side effects. Intramuscular or subcutaneous injections are not appropriate for ointment administration, as they are meant for liquid medications. Oral administration would not target the eyes specifically. It is crucial to follow recommended guidelines to ensure the newborn's safety and effective treatment.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a preterm infant?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Respiratory distress syndrome
- C. Hyperbilirubinemia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Preterm infants are at increased risk for various complications due to their immature organ systems. Hypoglycemia can occur due to limited glycogen stores. Respiratory distress syndrome results from insufficient surfactant production in underdeveloped lungs. Hyperbilirubinemia is common as the liver may not efficiently process bilirubin. Choosing D is correct as all these complications can affect preterm infants. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they individually address only one potential complication, whereas D encompasses all possibilities.
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Estrogen
- C. Prolactin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxytocin is the correct answer as it is the hormone responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during labor. Oxytocin is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in initiating and sustaining labor contractions. It acts on the smooth muscle cells of the uterus, causing them to contract and aiding in the progression of labor. Progesterone and estrogen are involved in preparing the uterus for pregnancy but do not directly stimulate contractions. Prolactin is responsible for milk production, not uterine contractions. Therefore, D is the correct answer due to its specific role in labor contractions.
What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. To protect the fetus from infection
- B. To remove waste products from the fetus
- C. To facilitate nutrient and gas exchange between the mother and fetus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The placenta protects the fetus, removes waste, and facilitates nutrient and gas exchange.
Which of the following is a potential complication of neonatal hypocalcemia?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Seizures
- C. Respiratory distress syndrome
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Seizures are a potential complication of neonatal hypocalcemia due to the critical role of calcium in nerve and muscle function.