Nokea
Which statement about a condition of pregnancy is accurate?
- A. Insufficient salivation (ptyalism) is caused by increases in estrogen.
- B. Acid indigestion (pyrosis) begins early but declines throughout pregnancy.
- C. Hyperthyroidism often develops (temporarily) because hormone production increases.
- D. Nausea and vomiting rarely have harmful effects on the fetus and may be beneficial.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because hyperthyroidism can indeed develop during pregnancy due to the increase in hormone production, specifically human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulating the thyroid gland. This can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, and palpitations. Other choices are incorrect because A is false - ptyalism is actually linked to progesterone levels, not estrogen. B is incorrect because acid indigestion tends to worsen as pregnancy progresses, not decline. D is incorrect as severe nausea and vomiting, known as hyperemesis gravidarum, can have harmful effects on both the mother and fetus if not properly managed.
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During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.
The nurse teaches a pregnant woman about the presumptive, probable, and positive signs of pregnancy. The woman demonstrates understanding of the nurse's instructions if she states that a positive sign of pregnancy is:
- A. a positive pregnancy test.
- B. fetal movement palpated by the nurse-midwife.
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions.
- D. quickening.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Positive signs of pregnancy are attributed to the presence of a fetus, such as hearing the fetal heartbeat or palpating fetal movement.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the cervix, vagina, and position of the fetus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. because of a number of changes in the cervix, abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests are much easier to evaluate
- B. Quickening is a technique of palpating the fetus to engage it in passive movement
- C. the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (Chadwick's sign) usually appears in the second trimester or later as the vagina prepares to stretch during labor
- D. increased vascularity of the vagina increases sensitivity and may lead to a high degree of arousal, especially in the second trimester
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased vascularity and sensitivity in the vagina are common during pregnancy. Chadwick's sign appears earlier (6-8 weeks), and quickening refers to maternal perception of fetal movement.
A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?
- A. 3-1-1-1-3
- B. 4-1-2-0-4
- C. 3-0-3-0-3
- D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct calculation of this woman's gravidity and parity is 4-1-2-0-4. The numbers reflect the woman's gravidity and parity information.
Physiologic anemia often occurs during pregnancy due to
- A. inadequate intake of iron.
- B. the fetus establishing iron stores.
- C. dilution of hemoglobin concentration.
- D. decreased production of erythrocytes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physiologic anemia during pregnancy occurs due to the dilution of hemoglobin concentration. As blood volume increases more than red blood cell production, hemoglobin becomes more diluted, leading to lower hemoglobin levels. Inadequate iron intake (A) can cause iron-deficiency anemia, not physiologic anemia. The fetus establishing iron stores (B) is not a cause of anemia in the mother. Decreased production of erythrocytes (D) is not the primary reason for physiologic anemia during pregnancy.