Nokea
Which statement accurately describes dementia?
- A. Overproduction of β-amyloid protein causes all dementias.
- B. Dementia resulting from neurodegenerative causes can be prevented.
- C. Dementia caused by hepatic or renal encephalopathy cannot be reversed.
- D. Vascular dementia can be diagnosed by brain lesions identified with neuroimaging.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neuroimaging can identify vascular lesions causing dementia
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A patient who has been admitted to the medical unit with new-onset angina also has a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Her husband tells you that he rarely gets a good night's sleep because he needs to be sure she does not wander during the night. He insists on checking each of the medications you give her to be sure they are the same as the ones she takes at home. Based on this information, which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this patient?
- A. Decreased Cardiac Output related to poor myocardial contractility
- B. Caregiver Role Strain related to continuous need for providing care
- C. Risk for Falls related to patient wandering behavior during the night
- D. Ineffective Therapeutic Regimen Management related to poor patient memory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The caregiver's strain is evident from his description of needing to constantly monitor the patient.
Which statement by a patient with osteoporosis indicates the need for additional teaching?
- A. I take my ibuprofen every morning as soon as I get up.
- B. My daughter removed all of the throw rugs in my home.
- C. My husband helps me every afternoon with range-of-motion exercises.
- D. I rest in my recliner chair every day for at least an hour.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular intake of ibuprofen without guidance might interfere with bone health and should be discussed with healthcare providers.
Which chronic neurologic disorder involves a deficiency of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal system?
- A. Myasthenia gravis
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Huntington's disease
- D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by deficiencies of acetylcholine and GABA
Injury to which segment of the spine results in damage to the chest and abdominal muscles?
- A. cervical
- B. thoracic
- C. lumbar
- D. sacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Injury to the thoracic spine (T1-T12) can affect the chest and abdominal muscles, as this region of the spinal cord controls motor and sensory functions for the upper body. Damage here can lead to paralysis or weakness in these areas.
Dysdiadochokinesia refers to ___________.
- A. inability to walk
- B. excessive movements of the appendages
- C. ignoring one side of the body opposite brain damage
- D. inability to do alternating movements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dysdiadochokinesia is the inability to perform rapid alternating movements, such as pronation and supination of the hand. It is often a sign of cerebellar dysfunction, which affects motor coordination.