Nokea
A patient presents with bone pain, fatigue, and frequent infections. Laboratory tests reveal pancytopenia, hypocellular bone marrow, and absence of reticulocytes. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Aplastic anemia
- B. Iron deficiency anemia
- C. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
- D. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in the number of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The patient's presentation of bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, pancytopenia (decreased counts of all blood cell types), hypocellular bone marrow (reduced cellularity in the bone marrow), and absence of reticulocytes is indicative of aplastic anemia.
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The nurse is aware that the proper management of poisoning includes the following EXCEPT to
- A. perform hemoperfusion
- B. remove the toxin through dialysis
- C. dilute the ingested substance
- D. induce vomiting after ingestion of the caustic substance or petroleum distillate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemoperfusion is not a standard management technique for poisoning. The other options are commonly used methods in managing poisoning cases.
Patient Benito ask5 Nurse Virgo, "Why can't the surgeon just take out my pancreas?" The BEST response of Nurse Virgo is
- A. "your body needs to function well with your pancreas "
- B. "your attack will soon be overcome when you are at rest"
- C. "if your pancreas is removed, you can never eat fat and fried foods again"
- D. "antibiotic wil1 relieve signs of infection"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best response of Nurse Virgo is to explain to Patient Benito that his body needs to function well with his pancreas. The pancreas plays a critical role in the digestive system by producing digestive enzymes and hormones that help regulate blood sugar levels. Removing the pancreas would result in serious health consequences and complications, as the body relies on it for essential functions. It is important for the patient to understand the significance of the pancreas and why its removal is not a viable solution.
If Baby Sharon develops dehydration, what is the FIRST sign to look for by Nurse Juvy?
- A. Oliguria
- B. Sunken fontanels
- C. Soft and depressed eyeballs
- D. Non-elastic skin/poor skin turgor on thighs and abdomen Situation 3 -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sunken fontanels are one of the earliest signs of dehydration in infants. Fontanels are soft spots on an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused together. If a baby's fontanel appears sunken, it indicates that the baby is likely dehydrated. This occurs because when there is a lack of fluid in the body, the soft spots on the head will appear depressed or sunken. It is crucial for Nurse Juvy to closely monitor the fontanels of Baby Sharon, as identifying dehydration early is essential for prompt intervention and preventing complications.
A patient presents with chest pain that worsens with exertion and improves with rest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows ST-segment depression. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
- A. Stable angina
- B. Unstable angina
- C. Acute myocardial infarction
- D. Prinzmetal's angina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is presenting with chest pain that worsens with exertion and improves with rest, which is characteristic of stable angina. Additionally, ST-segment depression on ECG is a common finding in patients with stable angina. Stable angina is typically caused by coronary artery disease, which leads to partial obstruction of the coronary arteries resulting in inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle during periods of increased demand (such as exertion). The chest pain is usually predictable and reproducible, occurring with similar intensity and duration during episodes of exertion. Rest or nitroglycerin can help relieve the symptoms by increasing coronary blood flow. It is important to differentiate stable angina from unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction, which have different management and prognostic implications.
Friendly but professional overtures have finally made Marlene open up her circumstances to the nurse, including their financial difficulty. What has been established at this time?
- A. Beginning of a friendship
- B. Trusting relationship with the nurse
- C. A lifelong commitment
- D. A dire need for financial help
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marlene opening up to the nurse about their financial difficulty indicates that she feels comfortable enough to share personal information with the nurse. This signals the establishment of a trusting relationship between Marlene and the nurse, as Marlene feels safe and supported enough to disclose sensitive information. Building trust is a crucial aspect of any professional relationship, especially in healthcare settings, as it fosters open communication, encourages honesty, and ultimately leads to better outcomes for the patient. It is an essential foundation for providing effective care and support to individuals in need.