Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient in the ICU develops acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional oxygen therapy. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to improve the patient's oxygenation?

  • A. Initiate prone positioning to optimize lung recruitment.
  • B. Administer inhaled pulmonary vasodilators for vasodilation.
  • C. Perform recruitment maneuvers to open collapsed alveoli.
  • D. Recommend extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory support.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient is experiencing severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional oxygen therapy, indicating a need for advanced respiratory support. When a patient with ARDS fails to respond to conservative management, including mechanical ventilation strategies, prone positioning, and recruitment maneuvers, the next step may involve extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO provides a way to bypass the lungs and oxygenate the blood directly, allowing for enhanced gas exchange and support for severely compromised respiratory function. Therefore, in this critical situation, prioritizing the recommendation for ECMO can offer the patient the best chance of improving oxygenation and survival.

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Which of the following is a common complication associated with hip fracture in elderly patients?

  • A. Compartment syndrome
  • B. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
  • C. Dislocation of the hip prosthesis
  • D. Volkmann's contracture
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, also known as osteonecrosis, is a common complication associated with hip fractures in elderly patients. It occurs when there is a loss of blood supply to the femoral head following the fracture, leading to bone tissue death. This can result in pain, limitation of motion, and potentially the collapse of the femoral head, causing further complications. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial in order to prevent further degeneration of the hip joint. Other complications such as compartment syndrome, dislocation of the hip prosthesis, and Volkmann's contracture are not typically associated with hip fractures in elderly patients.

Which of the following characteristics of Cushing disease is TRUE? The disease occurs in women between 20 to 40 year of age. II.The use of Corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions is a cause of the disease process. III. Condition is aggravated by excessive production of ACTH. IV.The surgical treatment of choice is Transphenoidal hypophysectomy

  • A. II & III
  • B. I, II, III, & IV
  • C. I, II, & III
  • D. I & Il
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Statement II is correct because the use of corticosteroids for multiple immune conditions can lead to the development of Cushing's disease.

Nursing diagnosis commonly used when working with Sandro is

  • A. ineffective role performance
  • B. Compromised family coping
  • C. impaired social interaction
  • D. risk for injury.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When working with Sandro, who is taking an MAOI and needs to be educated on avoiding foods with tyramine, the nursing diagnosis commonly used would be "impaired social interaction." This nursing diagnosis focuses on the client's difficulty in establishing or maintaining meaningful relationships with others. In this case, Sandro's dietary restrictions due to his medication may cause challenges in social situations, leading to potential feelings of isolation or inability to engage in social activities involving food. By identifying impaired social interaction as a nursing diagnosis, the nurse can address these issues and support Sandro in maintaining social connections while adhering to his dietary requirements.

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for evaluating a woman with suspected cervical dysplasia?

  • A. Pap smear
  • B. Endometrial biopsy
  • C. Colposcopy with biopsy
  • D. Transvaginal ultrasound
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Colposcopy with biopsy is the most appropriate diagnostic test for evaluating a woman with suspected cervical dysplasia. Colposcopy is a procedure in which a special magnifying instrument called a colposcope is used to examine the cervix for any abnormal areas. If abnormal tissue is identified during colposcopy, a biopsy will be taken to confirm the presence of cervical dysplasia and determine the severity. This allows for a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition. Pap smear, although a screening test for cervical dysplasia, may not provide a definitive diagnosis and may require further evaluation with colposcopy and biopsy. Endometrial biopsy and transvaginal ultrasound are not indicated for evaluating cervical dysplasia specifically.

Pelvic ultrasound can detect, which of the following?

  • A. Congenital defects in the structure, fetal gender, H-mole
  • B. Fetal DM, multiple pregnancies, fetal age of gestation
  • C. Fetal sex, number, and lung maturity
  • D. Fetal congenital defects, placenta previa, fetal lung maturity
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pelvic ultrasound can detect fetal congenital defects, placenta previa, and fetal lung maturity.

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