Nokea
Which statement is most likely from a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. Im fat and ugly
- B. I have nice eyes
- C. Im thin for my height
- D. My mom hates me
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects a distorted body image common in anorexia nervosa. Patients with anorexia nervosa often perceive themselves as overweight or unattractive despite being underweight. Choice B is positive and unrelated to body image. Choice C is a factual statement about weight, not necessarily indicative of anorexia. Choice D introduces an external factor (mother's opinion) which is not typically a primary concern for individuals with anorexia nervosa.
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A patient reports an intense, overwhelming fear of driving a car. The fear has disrupted all elements of the patient's life. The patient does not go to the grocery store unless driven by someone else, has relinquished their job, and has few social contacts. The patient's treatment plan includes:
- A. assertiveness training
- B. biofeedback
- C. stress management assistance
- D. systematic desensitization
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Systematic desensitization gradually exposes the patient to driving-related stimuli, reducing phobia through controlled steps.
A client, age 34, has been physically abused by her husband five times during the past 2 years. During her last discussion with the nurse, the client stated, 'I probably should not keep going back to my husband, since he continues to abuse me.' The nurse is aware that the final decision to leave a batterer:
- A. Often occurs after the victim suffers a serious injury
- B. Is usually a gradual process that occurs over time
- C. Is more likely if the client has approval from the church
- D. Is made with the batterer's permission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Is usually a gradual process that occurs over time.
Rationale:
1. Leaving an abusive partner is a complex and difficult decision that often requires careful planning and support.
2. Victims may face various barriers such as financial dependence, emotional attachment, and fear of further violence.
3. It is rare for victims to abruptly leave without considering their safety and well-being.
4. The statement 'I probably should not keep going back' indicates a gradual realization and contemplation of leaving.
Summary:
A: The decision to leave is not solely based on serious injury; victims may leave before any significant harm occurs.
C: Approval from the church may influence the victim's decision but is not a determining factor.
D: Leaving an abusive partner should not require the batterer's permission; it is a personal choice made by the victim.
The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, planning, and social behavior, functions commonly impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex regulates emotions and memory, areas affected in schizophrenia. Medulla (A, C) controls basic functions like breathing, not implicated in schizophrenia. Cerebellum (B) coordinates movement, unrelated to schizophrenia. Hypothalamus (C) regulates hormones, not directly linked to schizophrenia. In summary, D is correct as prefrontal and limbic cortices are key brain regions affected in schizophrenia, while the other choices are not directly involved in the disorder.
A patient with fluctuating levels of awareness, confusion, and disorientation shouts, 'The bugs, they are crawling on my legs! Get them off me!' The nurse's inspections show that no bugs are present. The nurse can best assess this presentation as:
- A. Perseveration.
- B. Hypermetamorphosis.
- C. Tactile hallucinations.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tactile hallucinations. Tactile hallucinations involve the perception of physical sensations such as bugs crawling on the skin when no external stimuli are present. In this scenario, the patient's complaint of bugs crawling on their legs despite the nurse's inspection confirming the absence of bugs indicates a sensory hallucination, specifically a tactile one. This is different from perseveration (repetition of a particular response or activity) and hypermetamorphosis (excessive attention to environmental details). Choosing "None of the above" would not address the specific symptom of tactile hallucinations described in the patient's presentation.
A patient diagnosed with schizophrenia approaches the nurse and says, 'Cats eat birds. East now. Job is new. You father.' This speech pattern can be assessed as:
- A. hyperverbosity.
- B. circumstantiality.
- C. loose associations.
- D. expressing delusions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: loose associations. This speech pattern is characteristic of loose associations seen in schizophrenia, where thoughts are disorganized and lack logical connections. The patient's statements lack coherence and jump from one topic to another without a clear link. Hyperverbosity (A) refers to excessive speech without a clear point, which is not evident in this scenario. Circumstantiality (B) involves excessive detail before reaching the main point, which is not present here. Expressing delusions (D) would involve holding false beliefs, which are not explicitly stated in the patient's speech.