Nokea
Which statement is true regarding health care for minorities?
- A. Federal legislation that provides free health insurance for minorities has resulted in fewer minorities than members of the general population who lack health insurance.
- B. Higher costs of health care coupled with lower wages for minorities have prevented most minorities from seeking health care.
- C. Because many Mexican Americans are highly skilled workers with comparable wages, they have the lowest uninsured rate.
- D. Asians, because of their quiet demeanor and unwillingness to challenge the health care system, have the highest rate of uninsured people.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct:
1. Federal legislation such as the Affordable Care Act has expanded Medicaid coverage and provided subsidies for health insurance.
2. This legislation has helped reduce the number of minorities lacking health insurance.
3. Consequently, fewer minorities than members of the general population now lack health insurance.
4. Therefore, the statement that federal legislation has resulted in fewer minorities lacking health insurance is true.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. This choice incorrectly attributes the lack of seeking health care by minorities solely to higher costs and lower wages, overlooking the impact of legislation.
C. This choice makes a sweeping generalization about Mexican Americans without considering the broader context of health care access for minorities.
D. This choice relies on stereotypes about Asians and does not take into account the complexities of the health care system and insurance coverage.
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An interdisciplinary team is evaluating the hospital's care of patients admitted with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) compared to national standards. The team analyzes the hospital's clinical indicator, which would be: (select all that apply)
- A. aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge.
- B. patient teaching related to stopping smoking completed prior to discharge.
- C. beta blocker administered upon arrival.
- D. support of employer to modify stress in workplace.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge. This is a key clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients as aspirin is a standard treatment to prevent further cardiac events. It is crucial for patient safety and adherence to national guidelines.
Choice B is incorrect as patient teaching on smoking cessation, although important, is not a direct clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients.
Choice C is incorrect as beta blocker administration upon arrival is important for heart attack patients, but it is not specific to evaluating the hospital's care compared to national standards.
Choice D is incorrect as employer support for stress modification is not a clinical indicator relevant to evaluating care of heart attack patients.
A student nurse wants to meet other nursing students from different countries and to learn of employment possibilities. The student nurse should:
- A. participate in the clinical facility's employee satisfaction task force.
- B. join the Student Nurses Association.
- C. take part in self-mentoring.
- D. postpone taking the licensure examination so he or she can take a tour of foreign countries.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: join the Student Nurses Association. This option allows the student nurse to meet other nursing students from different countries and learn about employment possibilities. By joining the association, the student can network with peers, attend conferences, and engage in international exchange programs. Option A is incorrect because the employee satisfaction task force is focused on internal staff issues, not networking with other nursing students. Option C is irrelevant to the student nurse's goal of meeting peers from different countries. Option D is impractical and unnecessary as it suggests delaying the licensure examination for travel, which is not a direct way to achieve the student's objectives.
A patient is ordered a low-protein, low-calorie diet but the patient's family brings fish, lentils, and unleavened bread for a meal to observe a cultural practice. The nurse works with the dietitian to adjust the next few meals to accommodate for this variance. This situation would represent:
- A. a sentinel event.
- B. an adverse event.
- C. patient-centered care.
- D. the communication technique of "call-out."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: patient-centered care. Patient-centered care involves respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values. In this scenario, the nurse and dietitian are adjusting the patient's meals to accommodate cultural practices, showing a commitment to providing care that is respectful and responsive to the patient's cultural beliefs. This approach promotes better patient outcomes and satisfaction.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: a sentinel event - This refers to a serious, preventable adverse event, which does not apply in this situation.
B: an adverse event - This typically refers to harm caused by medical care, which is not the case here.
D: the communication technique of "call-out" - This refers to a technique used in healthcare to alert team members to unsafe situations, which is not relevant to the scenario provided.
Which of the following situations would be appropriate for the supervisory level of initial direction and/or periodic inspection?
- A. Experienced RNs work together to provide care for a group of patients newly diagnosed with meningitis.
- B. The RN assigns the LPN tasks within her scope of practice and checks back during the shift to ensure the tasks are completed correctly.
- C. A new graduate nurse is assigned care to a male patient with a hematocrit of 11.0 g of hemoglobin per deciliter and is receiving a blood transfusion. The charge nurse checks on the patient status every 15 to 30 minutes and asks the graduate to explain "next steps."
- D. No supervision is necessary since both are registered nurses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the scenario describes a situation appropriate for the supervisory level of initial direction and periodic inspection. The RN assigning tasks to the LPN within her scope of practice and checking back ensures tasks are completed correctly, aligning with the supervisory role. This level of oversight is necessary for safe and effective patient care.
Choice A is incorrect as experienced RNs working together do not require supervisory direction for caring for patients. Choice C involves the charge nurse providing frequent oversight to a new graduate nurse, which is more than just periodic inspection. Choice D is incorrect because regardless of both being registered nurses, supervision may still be necessary, especially when assigning tasks to a different level of healthcare provider like an LPN.
According to the Quality Chasm report:
- A. health care providers should be proactive rather than reactive to patient needs.
- B. common needs rather than individual preferences should be the priority.
- C. medical information should be confined to the primary care provider.
- D. specialized providers or case managers should control health care decisions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Proactive care emphasizes prevention and early intervention.
2. The Quality Chasm report advocates for patient-centered care.
3. Being proactive ensures better health outcomes and lower costs.
4. Reactive care may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
Summary:
B: Focusing on common needs ignores individual preferences, contradicting patient-centered care.
C: Limiting medical information to one provider is not patient-centered and hinders care coordination.
D: Allowing specialized providers to control decisions may not consider the holistic needs of the patient.