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A client states, "I am leaving. No one here knows what they are doing." The nurse completing the Against Medical Advice form must:
- A. defer notifying the provider until the client has had ample time to leave.
- B. state in medical terms the risks of leaving.
- C. inform the client that leaving could result in complications and impairment.
- D. detain the person with the use of soft restraints until security arrives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because informing the client of potential complications and impairment is essential to ensure the client makes an informed decision. This aligns with the principle of autonomy and informed consent. Choice A is incorrect as delaying notification can jeopardize the client's safety. Choice B is incorrect because using medical jargon may not effectively communicate the risks to the client. Choice D is incorrect as using restraints is a violation of the client's rights and autonomy.
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A nurse is preparing to teach a class related to risk factors for cancer to a diverse ethnic group attending a health fair. The nurse should be aware:
- A. that Hispanic women overestimate the prevalence of cancer and strictly following breast self-examination guidelines.
- B. of the importance of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption that increase esophageal cancer when speaking with black.
- C. that American-Indian women have a higher rate of ovarian cancer than the general population.
- D. that cancer as well as heart disease and stroke are lower in ethnic groups.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it provides accurate information about a specific risk factor related to a particular ethnic group. American-Indian women do have a higher rate of ovarian cancer than the general population, making it crucial for the nurse to be aware of this when teaching about cancer risk factors.
A is incorrect as it discusses breast cancer and not ovarian cancer. B is incorrect as it mentions esophageal cancer, which is not the specific focus of the question. D is also incorrect as it makes a general statement about cancer, heart disease, and stroke in ethnic groups without providing specific information about ovarian cancer in American-Indian women.
A physician shares with the patient's family that, while a central line was being inserted, the patient's lungs were inadvertently punctured, which required oxygen administration. The physician also explains that a chest x-ray indicated the lung remained intact and no additional treatment was required. The physician's role in this instance is based on the legal principle of:
- A. comparative negligence.
- B. gross negligence.
- C. disclosure.
- D. the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: disclosure. In this scenario, the physician shared information about the accidental lung puncture with the patient's family, demonstrating transparency and honesty. This aligns with the legal principle of disclosure, which emphasizes the importance of informing patients and their families about relevant medical information. The physician's actions foster trust and open communication, ensuring that the patient and family are informed about the situation.
Choice A: comparative negligence, is incorrect because it involves assessing the degree of negligence by both parties involved, which is not applicable in this context.
Choice B: gross negligence, is incorrect because the physician's actions do not demonstrate recklessness or a complete disregard for the patient's safety.
Choice D: the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), is incorrect because this law primarily addresses the provision of emergency medical care and ensuring access to necessary services, not the disclosure of medical errors.
A group of nurses meet with a state representative to explain the importance of allowing registered nurses the right to sign death certificates for patients who were under their care. As constituents and nurses, they requested that the senator vote against the bill restricting this practice. These nurses are serving as:
- A. lobbyists.
- B. policymakers.
- C. officials with regulatory power.
- D. advocates for the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lobbyists. The nurses are acting as lobbyists by advocating for a specific cause (allowing RNs to sign death certificates) to the state representative. They are not policymakers (B) because they are not directly making decisions or creating policies. They are also not officials with regulatory power (C) as they are not in a position to enforce regulations. Lastly, they are not advocating for the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (D) specifically in this scenario.
When reviewing the literature on the effects of Medicaid on health care for the poor, the nurse researcher found that the poor:
- A. have less access than even the uninsured.
- B. receive many unnecessary treatments.
- C. lack consistent providers.
- D. abuse preventive services.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because lacking consistent providers is a common issue among the poor utilizing Medicaid. This impacts continuity of care, leading to fragmented health services and poor health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as Medicaid does provide some level of access to healthcare. Choice B is incorrect as unnecessary treatments are not a common issue among the poor on Medicaid. Choice D is incorrect as preventive services are underutilized rather than abused by the poor on Medicaid.
In differentiating between interprofessional and multidisciplinary:
- A. multidisciplinary refers to the care of many diverse patients by one discipline.
- B. interprofessional involves members of many disciplines working together to provide patient care to a distinct population.
- C. interprofessional refers to members of the same discipline working together to provide patient care to a distinct population.
- D. interprofessional is the use of multiple interventions by nurses with varying levels of education.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because interprofessional involves members of different disciplines collaborating to provide patient care, promoting a holistic approach. This fosters shared decision-making and communication among healthcare professionals, leading to improved patient outcomes.
A is incorrect because multidisciplinary involves multiple disciplines treating a single patient, not many diverse patients.
C is incorrect because interprofessional involves different disciplines, not members of the same discipline working together.
D is incorrect because interprofessional is about collaboration between different disciplines, not the use of multiple interventions by nurses specifically.