Which statement made by a client demonstrates a prominent behavior related to noncompliance with prescribed treatment?
- A. I broke my hip last fall and it's still hard to get around.'
- B. I have type 2 diabetes but I can still eat the way I always have.'
- C. Weight has been a problem I've struggled with my entire adult life.'
- D. My wife says I need to exercise if I'm ever going to get my blood pressure down.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client's statement indicates a lack of adherence to prescribed treatment for type 2 diabetes, which typically includes dietary modifications. The client's belief that they can continue eating the same way shows a resistance to making necessary lifestyle changes. Choices A, C, and D do not directly relate to noncompliance with prescribed treatment but rather reflect challenges or concerns related to health issues.
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he child understands objects continue to exist even when out of sight during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Object permanence develops in the sensorimotor stage (birth-2 years), per Piaget.
A woman in the last trimester of pregnancy drinks 8 to 12 ounces of alcohol daily. The nurse plans for the delivery of an infant who is:
- A. jaundiced
- B. dependent on alcohol
- C. healthy but underweight
- D. microcephalic and cognitively impaired
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), characterized by microcephaly and cognitive impairments. Alcohol can cross the placental barrier, affecting the developing fetus's brain and causing irreversible damage. Jaundice (choice A) is not directly caused by alcohol consumption but by other factors like liver dysfunction. Dependence on alcohol (choice B) is a consequence for the mother, not the baby. Although alcohol can lead to low birth weight, the term "underweight" (choice C) is not specific enough to capture the full extent of harm caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.
The theorist associated with attachment theory is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. John Bowlby
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bowlby's attachment theory focuses on early caregiver bonds.
Which question has the highest priority when assessing a newly admitted patient with a history of alcohol abuse?
- A. Have you ever had blackouts?'
- B. When did you have your last drink?'
- C. Has drinking caused you any problems?'
- D. When did you decide to seek treatment?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, "When did you have your last drink?" This question is crucial in assessing the patient's current alcohol intake and potential withdrawal symptoms. Knowing this information helps determine the urgency of medical intervention and monitoring. Choice A focuses on past experiences, not immediate concerns. Choice C is important but does not address the patient's current condition. Choice D is relevant for treatment planning but not as urgent as knowing the last drink time for immediate assessment.
The primary factor that makes an event a crisis is the:
- A. Type of loss that the event causes.
- B. Nature of the stress caused by the event.
- C. Ineffectiveness of one's usual coping strategies.
- D. Preexistence of a stress-related mental illness.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the primary factor that makes an event a crisis is the ineffectiveness of one's usual coping strategies. When an event overwhelms an individual's ability to cope with it using their usual strategies, it can lead to a crisis. Choice A is incorrect because the type of loss alone does not determine if an event is a crisis. Choice B is incorrect as the nature of stress is subjective and can vary among individuals. Choice D is incorrect because the preexistence of a stress-related mental illness is not necessarily a prerequisite for an event to be considered a crisis.