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A pregnant woman presents with severe lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. On examination, she has a tender, distended abdomen. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. Uterine rupture
- D. Ovarian torsion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uterine rupture is a serious obstetric emergency that involves a tear or rupture of the uterine wall during pregnancy. In this scenario, the pregnant woman with severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a tender, distended abdomen is showing signs consistent with uterine rupture. These symptoms are typically not seen with other conditions listed.
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Kris is a hospitalized movie star. A nursing assistant takes her picture without permission and sells it to a local newspaper. The nursing assistant could be quilts of:
- A. Invasion of privacy
- B. Defamation
- C. Abuse
- D. Assault and battery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This scenario falls under the category of invasion of privacy. Invasion of privacy occurs when a person's private information or images are shared or used without their consent, leading to an intrusion of their private life. In this case, Kris, as a hospitalized movie star, had her picture taken without permission by the nursing assistant, which was later sold to a local newspaper. Kris has a right to privacy, especially during a vulnerable time like being hospitalized, and the nursing assistant violated that right by taking and selling her picture without consent. This action constitutes an invasion of privacy.
Which of the following salivary glands is located inferior and posterior to the mandible and produces serous saliva rich in enzymes?
- A. Parotid gland
- B. Sublingual gland
- C. Submandibular gland
- D. Submaxillary gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The submandibular gland is located inferior and posterior to the mandible. It produces a mixed type of saliva, which is primarily serous (enzyme-rich) but also contains some mucous components. This gland plays a significant role in digestion, as its serous saliva contains enzymes such as amylase that help break down carbohydrates in the mouth before they reach the stomach.
Which of the following historical data MOST probably led to a post-traumatic stress disorder?
- A. Unstable relationship with ex-fiancee.
- B. No gang-relationship with peers
- C. Suicide of her mother
- D. Dropping out of school.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The suicide of her mother is the most probable historical data that led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Experiencing the suicide of a close family member, especially a parent, can be an extremely traumatic event that can have long-lasting psychological effects. Witnessing or dealing with such a tragic loss can lead to feelings of helplessness, depression, guilt, and intense emotional distress, all of which are common in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This significant and distressing event could have a profound impact on the individual's mental health and well-being, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative mood alterations, and changes in arousal or reactivity.
Which of the following is the MOST common emotional response among women during the First trimester of pregnancy?
- A. Ambivalence
- B. Acceptance
- C. Depression
- D. Jealousy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ambivalence is the most common emotional response among women during the first trimester of pregnancy. This is because the news of being pregnant might evoke a mix of emotions, including joy and apprehension. Women may feel uncertain about their readiness for the responsibility of motherhood, have concerns about changes in their body, or worry about the impact on their career or relationships. Ambivalence is a natural response to a significant life change, and many women experience conflicting feelings before fully accepting and embracing their pregnancy.
There are pre operative medications given to the patient. Which of the following drugs are given in order to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and pain?
- A. Celebrex (celecoxib)
- B. Acetaminophen (tylenol)
- C. Ibuprofen (motrin)
- D. Demerol (Meperidine HC
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Demerol (meperidine hydrochloride) is an opioid analgesic commonly used as a preoperative medication to decrease intra-operative anesthetic requirements and provide analgesia. Opioids like Demerol act on the central nervous system to reduce pain sensations, making it an effective choice for preoperative pain management. This can help decrease the amount of anesthesia needed during surgery, leading to better pain control and overall patient comfort during and after the procedure. Celebrex, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen are also used for pain management, but they do not have the same potency and mechanism of action as opioids like Demerol for reducing intra-operative anesthetic requirements.