Nokea
Which statement regarding the uterus is true:
- A. it is pear-shaped;
- B. the superior extremity is represented by the corpus;
- C. the vagina is inserted on the inferior extremity;
- D. it is located laterally in the pelvis;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: it is pear-shaped. The uterus is indeed pear-shaped in structure, with a wider upper part called the corpus and a narrower lower part called the cervix. The pear shape allows for the expansion required during pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect: B is inaccurate as the superior extremity is the fundus, not the corpus; C is incorrect as the vagina is connected to the cervix, not the inferior extremity; D is wrong as the uterus is located centrally in the pelvis.
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During the 12-hr period preceding ovulation, which of the following is true?
- A. The plasma concentration of estrogen is rising
- B. A surge of luteinizing hormone is secreted from the pituitary
- C. The surge occurs immediately after the formation of the corpus luteum
- D. The surge followed immediately by a fall in the plasma concentration of progesterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) is necessary for ovulation to occur, typically happening 24-36 hours before ovulation. This surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovarian follicle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as estrogen levels peak just before ovulation, the corpus luteum forms after ovulation, and progesterone levels rise after ovulation, not fall immediately after the LH surge.
Which of the following is a form of sexual reproduction?
- A. Fragmentation.
- B. Parthenogenesis.
- C. Budding.
- D. Hermaphroditism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define sexual reproduction as the process involving the fusion of gametes from two parents.
Step 2: Hermaphroditism refers to an organism having both male and female reproductive organs for self-fertilization.
Step 3: In hermaphroditism, there is still a fusion of gametes, fulfilling the criteria of sexual reproduction.
Step 4: Fragmentation, parthenogenesis, and budding are forms of asexual reproduction, not involving the fusion of gametes.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is D (Hermaphroditism) as it aligns with the definition and process of sexual reproduction.
A client who is scheduled for an endometrial biopsy expresses concerns about the procedure as she is apprehensive of 'being operated' on. How can the nurse relieve her anxiety?
- A. The nurse should inform her that this test will not require her to be under anesthetic influence for a long period.
- B. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under general anesthesia and she will be pain free.
- C. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under the care of expert physicians and nurses.
- D. The nurse should inform her that this procedure may be performed without anesthesia in the physician's office.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endometrial biopsies are typically minimally invasive and often do not require anesthesia.
The transition zone between the vagina and cervix is a common site of cervical dysplasia and HPV related cancer. What epithelial transition is seen here?
- A. Vaginal simple squamous to cervical simple columnar
- B. Vaginal simple columnar to cervical simple squamous
- C. Vaginal simple squamous to cervical stratified columnar
- D. Vaginal stratified squamous to cervical simple columnar
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Vaginal stratified squamous to cervical simple columnar. The transition from stratified squamous epithelium in the vagina to simple columnar epithelium in the cervix is known as the squamocolumnar junction. This transition zone is where cervical dysplasia and HPV-related cancer commonly occur. The stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina provides protection against abrasion, while the simple columnar epithelium of the cervix produces mucus for fertility. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the epithelial transition seen at this specific location.
What is the first stage of labour?
- A. Dilation of the cervix.
- B. Delivery of the infant.
- C. Contraction of the uterus.
- D. Delivery of the placent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dilation of the cervix. This is the first stage of labor, where the cervix begins to open and thin out to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal. This process is crucial in preparing the body for delivery. The other choices are incorrect as they occur in later stages of labor. B: Delivery of the infant is the second stage, C: Contraction of the uterus is a general process throughout labor, and D: Delivery of the placenta is the third stage after the baby is born.