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Which statement would indicate the use and abuse of power in a violent family situation?
- A. I admit I was mad and yelling and swinging my fists in the air, but I wasn't trying to hit our child. I was letting off some steam. My spouse just overreacted.'
- B. When she found out I watched television instead of taking the kids to the park, she starting yelling about how I don't care about the kids. She has no right to get mad at me. I should have some time to myself.'
- C. I thought he would like this new recipe. I should have known better. I will not do that again. He was right. He works all day and should come home to a good meal that he can enjoy. It's not too much to ask of a wife.'
- D. All I did was tell him I need some money. I can't understand why he can't just give me what I need. I stay home and take care of his house and kids, and I have to almost beg before he gives me money to spend on myself.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it reflects an imbalance of power within the family dynamic. The statement indicates an acceptance of blame and a submissive attitude, suggesting a power dynamic where one person feels the need to please and appease the other. This behavior can indicate an abuse of power by the dominant individual, leading to a controlling and potentially manipulative relationship.
In contrast, the other choices do not clearly demonstrate an abuse of power. Choice A shows anger management issues but does not necessarily indicate a power dynamic. Choice B focuses on a disagreement over parenting responsibilities rather than a power struggle. Choice D highlights financial disagreements but does not explicitly show an abuse of power.
Therefore, Choice C is the most indicative of power abuse in a family situation.
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A nurse has completed the assessment for a patient who has a maladaptive response to eating regulation. Findings include the following: height, 5 feet 3 inches; current weight, 80 pounds with weight loss of 30% of body weight over the past 3 months; T, 96.6m F; BP, 68/40; P, 40; R, 20; poor skin turgor; lanugo; amenorrhea of 6 months' duration; admits to restricting intake to 350 calories daily; dissatisfied with eating pattern as evidenced by patient statement, 'I need to lose another 10 pounds to be at an ideal weight.' These assessment findings are most consistent with the medical diagnosis of:
- A. bulimia nervosa.
- B. anorexia nervosa.
- C. binge-eating disorder.
- D. disturbed body image.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anorexia nervosa. The assessment findings align with the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, including significant weight loss, restrictive eating patterns, distorted body image, amenorrhea, and physical signs like poor skin turgor and lanugo. The patient's extreme weight loss, restrictive calorie intake, dissatisfaction with weight despite being underweight, and other physical and psychological symptoms are classic indicators of anorexia nervosa.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, which are not evident in this case.
C: Binge-eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors, which are not present here.
D: Disturbed body image may be present in anorexia nervosa, but the key features of weight loss, restrictive eating, and amenorrhea are more indicative of anorexia nervosa.
Treatment of communication disorders is normally the domain of speech therapists and related disciplines, and a range of successful treatment programmes and equipment are available for disabilities such as phonological disorder and stuttering (Saltuklaroglu & Kalinowski, 2005; Law, Garrett & Nye, 2004). For example, hand-held equipment can provide which of the following?
- A. Significant auditory feedback (SAF)
- B. Magnified auditory feedback (MAF)
- C. Altered auditory feedback (AAF)
- D. Actual auditory feedback (AAF)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Altered Auditory Feedback (AAF): A treatment for stuttering providing delayed auditory feedback or frequency changes to improve speech fluency.
The nurse knows that stimulant medication for ADHD should be administered:
- A. At bedtime, to coincide with rising cortisol levels
- B. Only on school days to improve performance
- C. On an empty stomach
- D. With breakfast and lunch
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because these medications can contribute to insomnia, it is best to administer them earlier in the day with food. These are generally taken daily unless the doctor orders a drug holiday.
The nurse is explaining to the family of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia that the disorder is considered to have neurobiological origins. When the patient's mother asks, 'What part of the brain is dysfunctional?' the nurse should reply, 'Research has implicated the:
- A. medulla and cortex.
- B. cerebellum and cerebrum.
- C. hypothalamus and medulla.
- D. prefrontal and limbic cortices.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: prefrontal and limbic cortices. The prefrontal cortex is involved in decision-making, planning, and social behavior, functions commonly impaired in schizophrenia. The limbic cortex regulates emotions and memory, areas affected in schizophrenia. Medulla (A, C) controls basic functions like breathing, not implicated in schizophrenia. Cerebellum (B) coordinates movement, unrelated to schizophrenia. Hypothalamus (C) regulates hormones, not directly linked to schizophrenia. In summary, D is correct as prefrontal and limbic cortices are key brain regions affected in schizophrenia, while the other choices are not directly involved in the disorder.
A victim of a sexual assault sits in the emergency department rocking back and forth. This behavior is characteristic of:
- A. The acute phase reaction.
- B. The angry stage of rape.
- C. Trauma syndrome.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The acute phase reaction. This behavior is common in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event like sexual assault. The victim may exhibit physical and emotional symptoms such as rocking back and forth, confusion, disorientation, and numbness. This reaction is a natural response to the overwhelming stress and trauma experienced. Choice B, the angry stage of rape, is incorrect as it does not capture the immediate post-assault response. Choice C, trauma syndrome, is too vague and does not specifically address the behavior described. Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as the victim's behavior aligns with the acute phase reaction typically seen in trauma survivors.