Nokea
Which structure helps to prevent a bolus of food from entering the trachea during deglutition (swallowing)?
- A. collagen
- B. cardiac sphincter
- C. larynx
- D. epiglottis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
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All the following are contents of space of Disse except:
- A. Pit cells
- B. Unmyelinated nerve fibers
- C. Ito cells
- D. Kupffer cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kupffer cells are in the sinusoidal lumen, not the space of Disse, which contains Ito cells, plasma, and microvilli.
The terminal portion of the small intestine is the:
- A. ileum
- B. cecum
- C. duodenum
- D. jejunum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ileum is the final section of the small intestine, connecting to the large intestine.
If the sphincter at the top of the stomach is not working properly what do we suffer from?
- A. Heart burn
- B. Constipation
- C. Heart attack
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux, causing heartburn. Constipation, heart attacks, and diarrhea are unrelated to this sphincter.
Space of Disse contain the following EXCEPT:
- A. Plasma
- B. Blood cells
- C. Lipocytes (ITO) cells
- D. Irregular microvilli projecting from hepatocytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The space of Disse contains plasma, Ito cells, and hepatocyte microvilli, but blood cells remain in the sinusoids.
Which food substance is absorbed, without digestion?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Vitamins
- D. Fats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamins are absorbed without digestion, unlike macronutrients.