Nokea
Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Bronchi
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the larynx. The larynx, commonly referred to as the voice box, is responsible for voice production in the respiratory system. It contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound. The pharynx is a passage for food and air, the trachea is a tubular structure that carries air to and from the lungs, and the bronchi are the main airway passages in the lungs. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a direct role in voice production.
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Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
- A. Axon
- B. Dendrite
- C. Synapse
- D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, and myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up signal conduction along the axon. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of receiving signals from other neurons.
During which of the following stages does crossing over occur?
- A. Mitosis Prophase
- B. Meiosis Prophase I
- C. Meiosis Prophase II
- D. Interphase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crossing over occurs during Prophase I of meiosis. This stage is specifically associated with genetic recombination, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process contributes to genetic diversity by creating new combinations of alleles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In mitosis, crossing over does not occur as it involves the separation of replicated chromosomes. Meiosis Prophase II is focused on the reformation of nuclei and does not involve crossing over. Interphase is a stage where the cell prepares for division and is not associated with crossing over.
Which of the following lobes of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
- A. Frontal
- B. Occipital
- C. Parietal
- D. Temporal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information. It contains the primary visual cortex, which plays a key role in interpreting visual stimuli. The frontal lobe is more associated with functions such as decision-making and problem-solving, making choice A incorrect. The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information but not specifically vision, making choice C incorrect. The temporal lobe is responsible for functions like memory and auditory processing, so choice D is also incorrect.
Which of the following structures in the cell is responsible for producing ATP?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Nucleus
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell through cellular respiration. Ribosomes (Choice A) are involved in protein synthesis, the nucleus (Choice B) stores genetic material and controls cell activities, and the endoplasmic reticulum (Choice D) plays a role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification, but none of these structures are directly responsible for producing ATP.
What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation?
- A. Tidal volume
- B. Total lung capacity
- C. Ventilation rate
- D. Vital capacity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vital capacity. Vital capacity represents the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (Choice A) is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing at rest and is not the maximum capacity. Total lung capacity (Choice B) refers to the maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate including the residual volume, not just the expelled air. Ventilation rate (Choice C) is the rate at which air is moved in and out of the lungs, not the maximum volume of air that can be expelled.