Nokea
Which term describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?
- A. Reactivity
- B. Density
- C. Conductivity
- D. Viscosity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conductivity is the correct term used to describe the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. Reactivity is the measure of a substance's tendency to undergo chemical reactions. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, while viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. In the context of conducting electricity, conductivity is the most appropriate term as it directly relates to the substance's electrical conductive properties.
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What term describes the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings?
- A. Reflection
- B. Refraction
- C. Diffraction
- D. Absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Diffraction. Diffraction is the phenomenon that explains the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings. When waves encounter obstacles or pass through openings, they spread out and bend around them. Reflection (Choice A) involves waves bouncing back when they encounter a surface without bending, refraction (Choice B) is the bending of waves when passing from one medium to another due to a change in speed, and absorption (Choice D) is the process of a wave being taken in by a material rather than bending or bouncing.
What is the relationship between genetic drift and the founder effect?
- A. Founder effect is a cause of genetic drift within a small population
- B. Genetic drift is a cause of the founder effect in new populations
- C. They are the same phenomenon with different names
- D. They are unrelated concepts.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: - The founder effect is a specific type of genetic drift that occurs when a small group of individuals establishes a new population, leading to a loss of genetic variation.
- Genetic drift, on the other hand, is a broader concept that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population over time due to chance events.
- Therefore, the founder effect is a specific scenario within the broader concept of genetic drift, where the establishment of a new population by a small number of individuals leads to genetic changes in the population.
Which vitamin is essential for proper absorption of calcium and plays a role in lung function?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is crucial for the proper absorption of calcium in the intestines and is essential for maintaining lung function. It regulates calcium and phosphorus levels, crucial for healthy bones and teeth. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, not specifically for calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function and red blood cell production, not related to calcium absorption or lung function. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage, but it is not directly involved in calcium absorption or lung function.
What is the general formula for an alkene?
- A. CnH2n+2
- B. CnH2n
- C. CnH2n-2
- D. CnH2n+1
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The general formula for an alkene is \(C_nH_{2n}\), indicating the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms.
Which type of joint allows for the widest range of motion, similar to the shoulder joint?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Ball-and-socket joint
- C. Gliding joint
- D. Fixed joint
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ball-and-socket joint. Ball-and-socket joints, like the shoulder joint, allow for the widest range of motion in multiple directions. This type of joint consists of a rounded bone (the 'ball') fitting into a cup-like socket, enabling movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation. Choice A, Hinge joint, allows movement in one plane, like a door hinge, and does not offer the same range of motion as a ball-and-socket joint. Choice C, Gliding joint, permits limited motion in various directions but not as wide as a ball-and-socket joint. Choice D, Fixed joint, does not allow any motion as it is immovable, unlike the shoulder joint which is highly mobile.