Nokea
Which term refers to trained community health workers or health auxiliary volunteers?
- A. Village health workers
- B. Barangay health workers
- C. All of the above
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Village health workers. This term specifically refers to trained community health workers or health auxiliary volunteers. They are individuals who provide health education, basic healthcare services, and referrals in rural areas.
B: Barangay health workers are also community health workers, but they are specifically assigned at the barangay level in the Philippines.
C: "All of the above" is incorrect because not all community health workers are referred to as village or barangay health workers.
D: "None of the above" is incorrect as village health workers are a recognized category of community health workers.
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Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Specialists in health facilities like medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals provide specialized and complex care, which is characteristic of tertiary care. This level of care involves advanced medical procedures, specialized equipment, and highly trained healthcare professionals. Primary care (choice C) focuses on preventive and basic healthcare services, while secondary care (choice A) provides more specialized services compared to primary care but is not as advanced as tertiary care. Intermediate care (choice D) typically refers to care that falls between secondary and tertiary levels but lacks the complexity and specialization of tertiary care.
What is the primary goal of public health?
- A. To achieve health equity
- B. To prevent disease and disability
- C. To prolong life
- D. To promote health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability. This is because by preventing diseases and disabilities, public health efforts aim to improve overall population health and well-being. This includes implementing interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy changes to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Achieving health equity, prolonging life, and promoting health are important aspects of public health but they are secondary to the core goal of preventing disease and disability.
Which of the following statements about TB treatment is INCORRECT?
- A. Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
- B. Single drug therapy is appropriate
- C. Treatment renders patients non-infectious and cured
- D. Tuberculosis is a curable disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because single drug therapy is not appropriate for TB treatment. TB is caused by bacteria that can develop resistance if not treated with a combination of drugs. A: Correct - Combination therapy is essential to prevent drug resistance. C: Correct - Proper treatment leads to cure and non-infectiousness. D: Correct - TB is curable with proper treatment. B: Incorrect - Single drug therapy can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.
Which of the following best describes epidemiology?
- A. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations.
- B. The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems.
- C. The study of how social factors influence health outcomes.
- D. The study of how health systems and services impact population health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because epidemiology not only focuses on studying the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events but also emphasizes applying this knowledge to control health problems. Choice A is incorrect because it lacks the application aspect. Choice C is incorrect as it specifically mentions social factors, which is a narrower focus than epidemiology. Choice D is incorrect as it focuses solely on health systems and services, neglecting the broader scope of epidemiology. In summary, choice B aligns with the comprehensive nature of epidemiology by encompassing both study and application aspects.
Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (D.O.T.S.) can do all of the following except:
- A. Stop resistance to anti-TB drugs
- B. Cure TB patients
- C. Require hospitalization
- D. Prevent new infection among children and adults
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Require hospitalization. D.O.T.S. is an outpatient treatment strategy for tuberculosis. Hospitalization is not a requirement for D.O.T.S. as patients receive medication under direct observation in a community setting. This approach helps to ensure medication adherence, stops resistance to anti-TB drugs, cures TB patients, and prevents new infections among children and adults. In summary, D.O.T.S. does not involve hospitalization and is an effective outpatient strategy for TB treatment.