Nokea
Which test is used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis?
- A. Phalen's maneuver
- B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
- C. Proprioception
- D. Blood culture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan, which is commonly used to diagnose osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density. Phalen's maneuver (choice A) is a test used to assess for carpal tunnel syndrome and is not related to osteoporosis. Proprioception (choice C) refers to the sense of body position and is not a diagnostic test for osteoporosis. Blood culture (choice D) is used to detect infections caused by bacteria in the bloodstream and is not relevant to the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
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What is one of the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome?
- A. Paresthesia
- B. Severe pain in the affected limb unrelieved by medication
- C. Edema
- D. Hypoxemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoxemia is one of the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome. In fat embolism syndrome, fat globules enter the bloodstream and can obstruct blood flow in the lungs, leading to hypoxemia. Paresthesia, severe pain unrelieved by medication, and edema are not typically among the earliest signs of fat embolism syndrome.
What is the best intervention to reduce the risk of falling in the hospital room for a blind client being cared for?
- A. Tell the client's family that they will be expected to stay overnight
- B. Apply restraints to the client
- C. Shout to the client
- D. Orient the client to the location of objects in the room
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best intervention to reduce the risk of falling in the hospital room for a blind client is to orient the client to the location of objects in the room. This helps the client navigate safely and independently. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because telling the client's family to stay overnight, applying restraints, and shouting are not appropriate interventions for preventing falls in a blind client; in fact, they could potentially lead to increased anxiety and risk of falls.
What intervention by the nurse would be the best to prevent deep vein thrombosis after a fracture of the hip?
- A. Encouraging bedrest
- B. Applying antiembolism stockings
- C. Tell the client to take anticoagulants
- D. Teaching about smoking cessation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after a fracture of the hip is to apply antiembolism stockings. These stockings help promote circulation and prevent blood clots from forming in the legs due to immobility. Encouraging bedrest is not recommended as it can increase the risk of DVT. While anticoagulants are used in some cases, the primary prevention method is mechanical prophylaxis like antiembolism stockings. Teaching about smoking cessation is important for overall health but is not directly related to preventing DVT in this scenario.
What is the term for a ringing in the ears reported by the client?
- A. Weber
- B. Rinne
- C. Pinna
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is the correct answer. Tinnitus refers to the perception of noise or ringing in the ears. This condition can be constant or intermittent and may be caused by various factors such as exposure to loud noises, ear infections, or underlying health conditions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Weber and Rinne tests are related to hearing assessment, while the pinna is the external part of the ear responsible for collecting sound waves.
The nurse uses proper body mechanics to move a client up in bed. What action by the nurse will increase their risk of a workplace injury?
- A. Place the bed in the lowest possible position
- B. Use the legs when lifting
- C. Keep feet apart to provide a wide base of support
- D. Face the direction of the movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing the bed in the lowest possible position increases the risk of injury because it does not support proper body mechanics. When lifting a client, it is important to have the bed at a comfortable height to avoid strain. Using the legs when lifting (choice B) is correct as it reduces the strain on the back. Keeping feet apart to provide a wide base of support (choice C) helps with stability and balance. Facing the direction of the movement (choice D) is essential for maintaining proper alignment and reducing the risk of injury.