Nokea
Which theorist believed that personality development was based on task mastery?
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Friedrich Nietzsche
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Erik Erikson provided a framework for understanding personality development in terms of task mastery. Sigmund Freud described personality development as having three parts: id, ego, and superego. Jean Piaget theorized that development was based on how humans acquire and utilize knowledge. Friedrich Nietzsche's theories had more to do with morality than personality development.
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The nurse is sensitive to the fact that patients lose control over their lives when admitted to the hospital. In what does this loss of control frequently result?
- A. Anger
- B. Depression
- C. Fear
- D. Anxiety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loss of control may result in feelings of apprehension and uncertainty.
What does any event that requires change stimulate?
- A. Anger
- B. Depression
- C. Stress
- D. Anxiety
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Any event that requires change leads to stress, which is the nonspecific response of the body to any demand.
Using Freud's personality theory, what action by a patient identifies the influence of the superego?
- A. Eating an entire chocolate pie
- B. Becoming anxious about having no visitors
- C. Monopolizing the attention of the health care provider
- D. Returning a $5 bill that another patient left on the table
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The superego is the mediator between right and wrong (the conscience).
What is the most likely result when an attempt at adaptation fails?
- A. Depression
- B. Anger
- C. Frustration
- D. Anxiety
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When adaptive behavior fails, anxiety increases.
A family is informed that the brain damage to their daughter is irreversible. The father is later overheard making vacation plans and discussing what the family will do when his daughter leaves the hospital. The nurse recognizes the father is in which crisis stage?
- A. High anxiety
- B. Denial
- C. Reconciliation
- D. Adaptation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The father is exhibiting signs of denial. Once the reality of the situation becomes evident, anger and confusion follow.