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Which therapy reduces self-defeating in clients:
- A. Existential therapy
- B. Irrational emotive therapy
- C. Rational emotive therapy
- D. Cognitive therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT, Ellis) targets self-defeating beliefs to reduce negative outcomes.
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A client suspected of being schizophrenic is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT). The nurse informs the client that the diagnostic test will:
- A. Confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
- B. Trace the flow of blood through his brain.
- C. Allow the doctors to view the structures of his brain.
- D. Help determine the areas of his brain that are overreacting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because CT scans allow doctors to view the structures of the brain, which can help identify any abnormalities or conditions present. This is essential in diagnosing and understanding conditions like schizophrenia. Choice A is incorrect because CT scans do not confirm psychiatric diagnoses; they provide anatomical information. Choice B is incorrect as CT scans do not trace blood flow, that's done through techniques like fMRI or PET scans. Choice D is incorrect because CT scans do not determine brain areas that are overreacting, that's usually assessed through functional imaging techniques.
Which nursing intervention best demonstrates an understanding of the effects of mental illness in the creation of secondary at-risk populations?
- A. Educating junior high school students concerning the dangers of drug and alcohol abuse
- B. Assessing the parenting skills of a father diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- C. Assessing the friends of a teenager who was recently hospitalized for an eating disorder for signs of the same disorder
- D. Providing the parents of a child diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with information on behavior modification
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Mental illness can impact parenting skills.
2. Assessing parenting skills of a father with OCD is crucial to understand potential risks to the child.
3. OCD may affect parenting abilities, leading to neglect or inappropriate care.
4. By assessing parenting skills, nurses can identify and address risks to the child's well-being.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Educating junior high students on drug abuse is important but does not directly address at-risk populations created by mental illness.
C: Assessing friends for signs of eating disorders is relevant but does not focus on understanding the impact of mental illness on caregiving roles.
D: Providing information on behavior modification to parents is helpful but does not directly assess the impact of mental illness on parenting skills.
An older adult with Lewy body dementia lives with family and attends a day care center. A nurse at the day care center noticed the adult had a disheveled appearance, strong odor of urine, and bruises on the limbs and back. What type of abuse might be occurring?
- A. Psychological
- B. Financial
- C. Physical
- D. Sexual
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lewy body dementia results in cognitive impairment. The assessment of physical abuse would be supported by the nurses observation of bruises. Physical abuse includes evidence of improper care as well as physical endangerment behaviors, such as reckless behavior toward a vulnerable person that could lead to serious injury. No data substantiate the other options.
What is the ethical principle of 'Beneficence' obligation?
- A. Doctor-patient discussions are privileged and confidential
- B. Physicians should tell the truth
- C. Physicians should act in the best interest of the patient
- D. Patients have the right to make their own decisions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beneficence mandates acting in the patient's best interest.
----teachers are now learning how to allow these students to experience the same opportunities available for gifted students:
- A. Savvy
- B. Intelligent
- C. Knowledge
- D. Practical based
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Savvy teachers adapt methods to include special needs students in enriched opportunities.