Nokea
Which topical antifungal medication is used to treat vaginal candidiasis?
- A. Haloprogin (Halotex)
- B. Miconazole (Monistat)
- C. Oxiconazole (Oxistat)
- D. Terbinafine HCl (Lamisil)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Miconazole is a standard topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis; others target skin infections. Topical miconazole is used to treat vaginal candidiasis.
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Drugs that are designated Schedule II by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration:
- A. Are known teratogens during pregnancy
- B. May not be refilled; a new prescription must be written
- C. Have a low abuse potential
- D. May be dispensed without a prescription unless regulated by the state
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Schedule II drugs (e.g., opioids) require new prescriptions without refills due to high abuse potential, unlike teratogenicity or OTC status .
Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
- A. Alter absorption of drugs through competition for binding sites
- B. Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
- C. Alter vitamin K metabolism, leading to prolonged bleeding
- D. Enhance absorption of calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4, reducing first-pass metabolism and increasing drug levels (e.g., statins).
Which medication route provides the most rapid onset of a medication, but also poses the greatest risk of adverse effects?
- A. Intradermal
- B. Subcutaneous (subcut)
- C. Intramuscular (IM)
- D. Intravenous (IV)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IV medications are delivered directly into the bloodstream and avoid the first pass effect of the liver. Intradermal, subcut, and IM administration have a slower absorption rate.
A 15 year old girl experiences epileptic fits during her menstrual periods. Which ONE of the following drugs is best suited for the management of her condition?
- A. Ethosuximide
- B. Valproic acid
- C. Phenytoin
- D. Corticosteroids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Valproic acid is effective for catamenial epilepsy and tonic-clonic seizures.
In response to the patient's question about how to know whether drugs are safe, the nurse explains that all medications undergo rigorous scientific testing controlled by what organization?
- A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- B. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
- C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- D. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The FDA is responsible for controlling and regulating the development and sale of drugs in the United States, allowing new drugs to enter the market only after being subjected to rigorous scientific testing. The DEA regulates and controls the use of controlled substances. The CDC monitors and responds to infectious diseases. The JCAHO is an accrediting body that inspects acute care facilities to ensure minimum standards are met.