Nokea
Which type of antidepressant pharmaceutical increases the availability of serotonin and norepinephrine by blocking their reuptake at the presynaptic membrane?
- A. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- B. Tachycardia
- C. Explosive occipital headache
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). TCAs block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at the presynaptic membrane, increasing their availability in the synaptic cleft. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms of depression. Tachycardia and explosive occipital headache are not types of antidepressants but potential side effects of some medications, including TCAs. Tachycardia is a rapid heart rate, and explosive occipital headache refers to a sudden severe headache at the back of the head. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not antidepressants or related to the mechanism of action described in the question.
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Which somatic therapy requires a medical evaluation, review or prior care by two psychiatrists and the need to be recommended for this therapy, informed consent, and can be appropriate for clients who are pregnant?
- A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- B. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
- C. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
- D. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). ECT is a somatic therapy that requires a thorough medical evaluation and review by two psychiatrists to determine its appropriateness. It also necessitates being recommended for this therapy, obtaining informed consent, and can be considered safe for pregnant clients. The other choices, B, C, and D, do not require the same level of medical evaluation, review, or recommendation by two psychiatrists. They also may not be considered safe for pregnant individuals, making them less appropriate in this scenario.
In the emergency department, a patient’s vital signs are: blood pressure (BP), 66/40 mm Hg; pulse (P), 140 beats per minute (bpm); and respirations (R), 8 breaths per minute and shallow. The patient overdosed on illegally obtained hydromorphone (Dilaudid). Select the priority outcome.
- A. Within 8 hours, vital signs will stabilize as evidenced by BP greater than 90/60 mm Hg, P less than 100 bpm, and respirations at or above 12 breaths per minute.
- B. The patient will be able to describe a plan for home care and achieve a drug-free state before being released from the emergency department.
- C. The patient will attend daily meetings of Narcotics Anonymous within 1 week of beginning treatment.
- D. The patient will identify two community resources for the treatment of substance abuse by discharge.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because stabilizing the patient's vital signs is the top priority in this critical situation. A blood pressure of 66/40 mm Hg indicates severe hypotension, which can lead to organ failure. A pulse of 140 bpm and shallow respirations of 8 bpm indicate poor perfusion and respiratory distress. Achieving a BP greater than 90/60 mm Hg, P less than 100 bpm, and respirations at or above 12 bpm indicates improved perfusion and oxygenation, which are crucial for the patient's survival.
Option B is incorrect as achieving a drug-free state is not the immediate priority in an overdose situation. Option C is incorrect as attending Narcotics Anonymous meetings is important for long-term recovery but not the immediate priority. Option D is incorrect as identifying community resources for substance abuse treatment is important but not as critical as stabilizing the vital signs in an overdose situation.
Which is not a goal of Social Learning Family Interventions?
- A. Developing optimism
- B. Developing independence in living skills
- C. Appreciating the general nature of their situation
- D. Engaging in an active experience of change
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: SLFI focuses on behavioral change, not abstract appreciation of situations.
Which action by a nurse on the psychiatric nursing unit best supports effective use of evidence-based practice on the unit?
- A. Asking that the nurse manager arrange for a subscription to an evidence-based nursing journal to be included in the unit's yearly budget
- B. Suggesting that the unit staff take part in a research study that involves care of the newly diagnosed obsessive-compulsive client
- C. Recommending changes to a client's care plan based on information provided from randomized controlled research trials
- D. Volunteering to recruit clients for a unit-based research project that focuses on the abused teenage client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because recommending changes to a client's care plan based on information from randomized controlled research trials directly aligns with evidence-based practice. This action involves using the best available evidence to inform and improve client care, which is a key principle of evidence-based practice. By utilizing research trials, the nurse ensures that interventions are based on proven effectiveness rather than assumptions or personal beliefs.
Option A is incorrect because subscribing to a journal alone does not guarantee application of evidence-based practice. Option B involves participation in a research study, which may not directly translate to immediate improvement in client care. Option D focuses on recruiting clients for a research project rather than directly applying evidence to individual client care plans.
The psychological test measure mental health is
- A. Rorschach
- B. MMPI
- C. WAIS
- D. TAT
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The MMPI is widely used to assess mental health and diagnose disorders.