Nokea
Which type of bond involves atoms gaining or losing electrons?
- A. Ionic
- B. Covalent
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to one atom gaining electrons (becoming negatively charged) while the other loses electrons (becoming positively charged). This results in the formation of ions that are held together by electrostatic forces, creating an ionic bond. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons rather than gaining or losing them, making option A, 'Ionic,' the correct answer to this question. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Ionic,' as it specifically involves gaining or losing electrons to form a bond.
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What is the term for the number of protons in an atom?
- A. atomic identity
- B. atomic mass
- C. atomic weight
- D. atomic number
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The term for the number of protons in an atom is the atomic number. The atomic number is a fundamental property of an element, representing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. It serves as the unique identity of an element and determines its position on the periodic table and its chemical behavior. Atomic mass refers to the average mass of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, while atomic weight is the average weight of an element considering the abundance of its isotopes. 'Atomic identity' is not a standard term in chemistry to describe the number of protons in an atom, making option D, 'atomic number,' the correct answer.
What is the SI unit of energy?
- A. ohm
- B. joule
- C. henry
- D. newton
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: joule. The joule is the SI unit of energy, defined as the work done by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter. It is extensively used to measure energy in various fields such as physics, chemistry, and engineering.
Where are protons held within an atom?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Orbitals
- C. Electron cloud
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nucleus. Protons are held in the nucleus, the central part of an atom where both protons and neutrons are located. Protons carry a positive charge and are specifically found within the nucleus. Orbitals and the electron cloud are regions where electrons are located surrounding the nucleus, not protons. Understanding the basic structure of an atom is fundamental in chemistry, where the nucleus serves as the core that contains the majority of the atom's mass and positive charge due to the presence of protons. This knowledge is crucial for grasping various chemical concepts and explaining the behavior of elements in chemical reactions.
Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?
- A. magnesium
- B. rubidium
- C. hydrogen
- D. chlorine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rubidium is the correct answer because alkali metals are found in Group 1 of the periodic table. Rubidium is located in Group 1 and exhibits properties typical of alkali metals, such as low melting points, high reactivity, and the tendency to form ionic compounds. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal, hydrogen is a nonmetal, and chlorine is a halogen, so they do not belong to the alkali metal group.
Which type of reaction is most likely represented by the products CO2 + H2O: CO2 + H2O?
- A. Synthesis
- B. Decomposition
- C. Single replacement
- D. Combustion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The reaction products CO2 and H2O suggest a combustion reaction. In a combustion reaction, a substance reacts with oxygen gas (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as products. The given reaction matches the characteristic products of a combustion reaction, indicating that option D, 'Combustion,' is the correct answer.