Nokea
Which type of intravenous fluid draws fluid into the intravascular compartment from the more dilute areas in the cells and interstitial spaces?
- A. Isotonic fluid
- B. Hypertonic fluid
- C. Hypotonic fluid
- D. Colloid fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hypertonic fluids draw water from cells into the bloodstream, increasing intravascular volume.
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During a shower three days ago, Jeremy Robb, 19, discovered a firm lump in his left testis. He went to the student health center at his university, was referred to a local physician and was admitted to the hospital for a left orchiectomy and lymph node resection. Risk factors for cancer of the testes include:
- A. smoking.
- B. undescended testicle.
- C. multiple sex partners.
- D. genital trauma.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking has been linked to cancer of the lungs, bladder, and pancreas, but has not been linked directly to cancer of the testes. Males who had undescended testicle(s) have been found to have a higher incidence of cancer of the testes later. It is theorized that the internal heat the testes are exposed to while in the abdomen causes the damage to the testes. Multiple sex partners is a risk for genital warts, AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases, but has not been shown to be a risk for cancer of the testes. Genital trauma more likely causes bladder and ureteral damage.
A healthcare professional is assessing a client with left-sided heart failure. Which finding is most commonly associated with this condition?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Jugular vein distention
- C. Hepatomegaly
- D. Crackles in the lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Crackles in the lungs. Left-sided heart failure leads to fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing crackles on auscultation. This indicates pulmonary congestion. Peripheral edema (A) is more common in right-sided heart failure. Jugular vein distention (B) is typically seen in right-sided heart failure due to increased venous pressure. Hepatomegaly (C) is more common in conditions like liver disease, not specifically left-sided heart failure.
What nursing action is most important initially for Ms. Jenkins with pneumococcal pneumonia?
- A. Administer humidified oxygen, as ordered
- B. Obtain an order for aspirin
- C. Auscultate the posterior basal segments for rales and rhonchi
- D. Explain the diagnosis to the patient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen therapy addresses hypoxemia, a primary concern in pneumonia.
Which setting allows the dying client to have advanced care in an institution due to the necessity to control pain unable to be managed at home?
- A. Hospice care
- B. Acute care
- C. Palliative care
- D. Home care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palliative care specializes in managing complex symptoms and pain, providing advanced institutional support.
What is the rationale for using preoperative checklists on the day of surgery?
- A. The patient is correctly identified.
- B. All preoperative orders and procedures have been carried out and records are complete.
- C. Patients' families have been informed as to where they can accompany and wait for patients.
- D. Preoperative medications are the last procedure before the patient is transported to the operating room.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checklists ensure all necessary steps are completed, enhancing patient safety.