Nokea
Which type of tissue connects bones to other bones?
- A. Tendons
- B. Ligaments
- C. Cartilage
- D. Muscle
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ligaments are the correct answer. Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing stability in joints. Tendons, on the other hand, connect muscles to bones, allowing movement. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that cushions joints and helps with smooth movements. Muscle tissue is responsible for generating force and movement in the body, not for connecting bones to each other.
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An uncharged atom has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 and a mass number of 14. How many protons does it have?
- A. 14
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (6 protons). The electron configuration provided corresponds to the element carbon, which has 6 protons. The mass number does not affect the number of protons in an atom, so despite the mass number of 14, the atom still contains 6 protons. Choice A (14) is incorrect because the mass number does not determine the number of protons. Choices C (8) and D (12) are incorrect as they do not match the number of protons in a carbon atom.
Which of the following cations is found at the center of a heme?
- A. Cr (III)
- B. Cu (II)
- C. Iron (II)
- D. Iron (III)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Iron (II) (Fe2+), which is the cation found at the center of a heme group. Heme contains an iron (II) ion that is coordinated within the porphyrin ring structure. This iron ion is crucial for the function of heme in binding and transporting oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Choice A (Cr (III)) is incorrect as chromium is not typically found at the center of a heme group. Choice B (Cu (II)) is incorrect as copper is not the cation typically present in heme. Choice D (Iron (III)) is also incorrect as heme predominantly contains iron (II) at its center, not iron (III).
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
- A. To digest food
- B. To filter blood and produce urine
- C. To absorb nutrients
- D. To transport oxygen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products from the body, producing urine in the process. This function helps in maintaining the body's internal environment stable, a process known as homeostasis. Option A, 'To digest food,' is incorrect as digestion primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system, not in the kidneys. Option C, 'To absorb nutrients,' is also incorrect because nutrient absorption mainly takes place in the intestines. Option D, 'To transport oxygen,' is incorrect as the lungs and circulatory system are responsible for oxygen transport, not the kidneys.
Which of the following is another name for a sweat gland?
- A. Ceruminous
- B. Sebaceous
- C. Sudoriferous
- D. Integumentary
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sudoriferous. Sudoriferous glands are commonly known as sweat glands and are responsible for producing perspiration to regulate body temperature. Ceruminous glands produce earwax, sebaceous glands produce sebum (oil), and 'Integumentary' refers to the integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails. Choice A, Ceruminous glands, are responsible for producing earwax, not sweat. Choice B, Sebaceous glands, produce sebum (oil) to lubricate the skin and hair. Choice D, Integumentary, refers to the integumentary system, not a specific type of gland.
Which of the following best defines the anatomical term medial?
- A. Being face down
- B. On the front of the body or limb
- C. Near to the midline of the body
- D. Above or on top of the lungs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct definition of the anatomical term 'medial' is being close or near to the midline of the body. This term describes a position closer to the center or midline of the body, opposite to 'lateral' which refers to a position further away from the midline. Choice A, 'Being face down,' is incorrect as it describes the anatomical term 'prone.' Choice B, 'On the front of the body or limb,' is incorrect as it describes the anatomical term 'anterior.' Choice D, 'Above or on top of the lungs,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the term 'medial.'