Nokea
While assessing a client who has facial trauma the nurse auscultates stridor. The client is anxious and restless. What action would the nurse take first?
- A. Contact the primary health care provider and prepare for intubation.
- B. Administer prescribed albuterol nebulizer therapy.
- C. Place the client in high-Fowler position.
- D. Ask the client to perform deep-breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Stridor indicates upper airway obstruction, which can quickly progress to respiratory distress. As the client is anxious and restless, immediate intervention is crucial. Contacting the primary health care provider and preparing for intubation is the priority to secure the airway and ensure adequate oxygenation. Administering albuterol, positioning in high-Fowler, or deep-breathing exercises are not appropriate as they do not address the acute airway compromise.
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The patient with sleep apnea is fitted with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask and asks the nurse how this device will help. How should the nurse respond?
- A. The device delivers constant positive pressure to keep your airway open.
- B. The device will require you to be intubated to open your airway.
- C. The device delivers oxygen only when you are apneic.
- D. The device delivers negative pressure to stimulate your respirations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a CPAP mask delivers a constant positive pressure to keep the airway open during sleep, preventing airway collapse and interruptions in breathing. This helps improve oxygenation and reduce the frequency of apnea episodes. Choice B is incorrect as intubation is not required with CPAP. Choice C is incorrect as CPAP does not deliver oxygen, it only provides pressurized air. Choice D is incorrect as CPAP delivers positive pressure, not negative pressure, to support breathing.
Tuberculosis in man is caused by
- A. A type of bacteria
- B. A virus
- C. A protozon
- D. Malnutrition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A type of bacteria. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a type of bacteria. This bacterium infects the lungs and can spread to other parts of the body. The other choices (B: A virus, C: A protozoan, D: Malnutrition) are incorrect because tuberculosis is specifically caused by a bacterial infection, not a virus, protozoan, or malnutrition. Bacteria can be identified through specific staining techniques and culture methods, distinguishing them from viruses and protozoa. Malnutrition is a risk factor for developing tuberculosis but is not the direct cause of the disease.
Which action should the nurse take first when a client develops epistaxis?
- A. Pack the affected nostril tightly with an epistaxis balloon.
- B. Apply squeezing pressure to the nostrils for 10 minutes.
- C. Obtain silver nitrate that may be needed for cauterization.
- D. Instill a vasoconstrictor medication into the affected nostril.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to apply squeezing pressure to the nostrils for 10 minutes. This helps control the bleeding by promoting clot formation. It is the initial intervention to stop the bleeding before considering other options. Packing the nostril with a balloon (Choice A) may worsen the bleeding. Obtaining silver nitrate (Choice C) for cauterization is not the first-line approach. Instilling vasoconstrictor medication (Choice D) should be considered after applying pressure if bleeding persists.
Tachypnoea means
- A. Rapid shallow breathing
- B. Rapid deep breathing
- C. Slow and shallow breathing
- D. Slow and deep breathing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rapid shallow breathing. Tachypnoea refers to an increased respiratory rate, which can lead to shallow breathing. Rapid breathing helps to compensate for inadequate oxygen levels. Choice B is incorrect because tachypnoea is not typically associated with deep breathing. Choices C and D are incorrect as they describe slow breathing patterns, which are opposite to tachypnoea.
The organ of the respiratory system that closes when food is being swallowed is the:
- A. nose
- B. pharynx
- C. larynx
- D. trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: larynx. The larynx houses the vocal cords and serves as a passageway for air between the pharynx and trachea. During swallowing, the larynx closes to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway, directing them towards the esophagus instead. The nose (A) is not directly involved in swallowing. The pharynx (B) is a shared pathway for both air and food, but it does not actively close during swallowing. The trachea (D) is responsible for transporting air to and from the lungs and does not play a role in swallowing.