Nokea
Which blood pressure (BP) finding by the nurse indicates that no changes in therapy are needed for a 78-yr-old patient with newly diagnosed hypertension?
- A. 98/56 mm Hg
- B. 118/76 mm Hg
- C. 128/92 mm Hg
- D. 142/78 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (118/76 mm Hg) because it falls within the recommended range for a 78-year-old patient with hypertension. The systolic BP should ideally be below 140 mm Hg and the diastolic BP below 90 mm Hg for this age group. Option A is too low for systolic BP, indicating hypotension. Option C has elevated diastolic BP, suggesting uncontrolled hypertension. Option D has high systolic BP, indicating a need for therapy adjustment. Thus, only option B aligns with the guidelines, making it the correct choice.
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A hospital nurse is participating in a drill during which many "clients" with inhalation anthrax are being admitted. The nurse would anticipate administering the following EXCEPT?
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Doxycycline
- D. Ethambutol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ethambutol. Ethambutol is not used in the treatment of inhalation anthrax. The treatment of choice for inhalation anthrax is a combination of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and sometimes vancomycin. Ethambutol is primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis, not anthrax. It is important for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the appropriate medications for specific conditions to provide effective care.
In medical term shortness of breathing known as
- A. SOB
- B. dyspnea
- C. Both a and b
- D. non of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Both A and B. "SOB" is the abbreviation for shortness of breath, while "dyspnea" is the medical term for difficulty breathing. Both terms are used interchangeably to describe the sensation of breathing difficulty. Choosing C is correct because it encompasses both terms that are synonymous with the medical condition. Option D is incorrect because there are appropriate terms for shortness of breathing, which are provided in options A and B. Option A is incorrect because it only provides the abbreviation for the term without the actual medical term. Option B is incorrect because it only provides one of the terms used to describe shortness of breathing, while the correct answer includes both terms.
Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?
- A. pulmonary ventilation
- B. production of pulmonary surfactant
- C. resistance
- D. surface tension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pulmonary ventilation. Atmospheric pressure plays a crucial role in pulmonary ventilation by creating a pressure gradient that allows air to flow into and out of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation. When the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure inside the lungs, air moves in (inhalation); when the pressure inside the lungs is higher, air moves out (exhalation).
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Production of pulmonary surfactant is not directly influenced by atmospheric pressure. Pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension in the alveoli to prevent collapse.
C: Resistance in the respiratory system is mainly influenced by airway diameter and elasticity of the lungs, not atmospheric pressure.
D: Surface tension in the alveoli is affected by pulmonary surfactant, not atmospheric pressure.
The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to:
- A. the cell wall of bacteria.
- B. the plasma membrane of bacteria.
- C. two antibodies attached to an antigen.
- D. a cell surface antigen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the classic pathway of complement activation, C1 binds to two antibodies attached to an antigen, forming an immune complex. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions leading to the activation of complement proteins. Choice A is incorrect as C1 does not bind directly to the cell wall of bacteria. Choice B is incorrect as C1 does not bind to the plasma membrane of bacteria. Choice D is incorrect as C1 does not bind directly to a cell surface antigen. The key step in the classic pathway is the recognition of immune complexes by C1, initiating the complement activation cascade.
Which action should the nurse take first when a client develops epistaxis?
- A. Pack the affected nostril tightly with an epistaxis balloon.
- B. Apply squeezing pressure to the nostrils for 10 minutes.
- C. Obtain silver nitrate that may be needed for cauterization.
- D. Instill a vasoconstrictor medication into the affected nostril.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to apply squeezing pressure to the nostrils for 10 minutes. This helps control the bleeding by promoting clot formation. It is the initial intervention to stop the bleeding before considering other options. Packing the nostril with a balloon (Choice A) may worsen the bleeding. Obtaining silver nitrate (Choice C) for cauterization is not the first-line approach. Instilling vasoconstrictor medication (Choice D) should be considered after applying pressure if bleeding persists.