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While assessing a neonate weighing 3,175 g (7 lb) who was born at 39 weeks' gestation to a primiparous client who admits to cocaine use during pregnancy, which of the following would alert the nurse to possible cocaine withdrawal?
- A. Bradycardia.
- B. High-pitched cry.
- C. Sluggishness.
- D. Hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A high-pitched cry is a common sign of cocaine withdrawal in neonates, indicating neurological irritability.
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The nurse is caring for a multigravid client who speaks little English. As the nurse enters the client's room, the nurse observes the client panting on the bed and the fetal head crowning. After calling for assistance and helping the client lie down, which of the following actions should the nurse do next?
- A. Tell the client to push between contractions.
- B. Provide gentle support to the fetal head.
- C. Apply gentle upward traction on the neonate's anterior shoulder.
- D. Massage the perineum to stretch the perineal tissues.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With the fetal head crowning, providing gentle support prevents rapid expulsion and perineal trauma. Pushing between contractions is incorrect, traction is for shoulder dystocia, and perineal massage is less urgent.
Assessment of a 2-day-old neonate delivered at 34 weeks' gestation reveals absent apical pulse left of the midclavicular line, cyanosis, grunting, and diminished breath sounds. The nurse should first:
- A. Consult with health care provider to obtain a chest x-ray.
- B. Reposition the neonate and then assess if the grunting and cyanosis resolve.
- C. Begin oxygen administration at 6-8 L via mask.
- D. Obtain a complete blood count to determine infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These symptoms suggest a serious condition like dextrocardia or pneumothorax, and consulting for a chest x-ray is the priority to confirm the diagnosis.
A client visits the clinic seeking a prescription for oral contraceptives. Which of the following would alert the nurse to further assess the client before the contraceptives are prescribed?
- A. The client has a history of fibrocystic breast disease.
- B. The client has a family history of ovarian cancer.
- C. The client is a smoker and 37 years old.
- D. The client experienced irregular menstrual cycles as an adolescent.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smoking at age 37 is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular complications with combined oral contraceptives, requiring further assessment. Fibrocystic breast disease and irregular cycles are not contraindications, and family history of ovarian cancer is less relevant.
While caring for a moderately obese primigravid client in active labor at term, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of which of the following?
- A. Hypotonic reflexes.
- B. Increased uterine resting tone.
- C. Soft tissue dystocia.
- D. Increased fear and anxiety.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity in labor increases the risk of soft tissue dystocia due to excess pelvic fat impeding fetal descent. Hypotonic reflexes are not typically associated with obesity, increased uterine resting tone is more related to hyperstimulation, and while anxiety may occur, it is not specific to obesity-related complications.
A multiparous client, 28 hours after cesarean delivery, who is breast-feeding complains of severe cramps or afterpains. The nurse explains that these are caused by which of the following?
- A. Flatulence accumulation after a cesarean delivery.
- B. Healing of the abdominal incision after cesarean delivery.
- C. Adverse effects of the medications administered after delivery.
- D. Release of oxytocin during the breast-feeding session.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breastfeeding stimulates oxytocin release, causing uterine contractions (afterpains) as the uterus involutes.