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While caring for a client with tuberculosis, which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Use antimicrobial sanitizer for hand hygiene.
- B. Wear a surgical mask when providing client care.
- C. Limit each visitor to 2-hour increments.
- D. Wear gloves when assisting the client with oral care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use antimicrobial sanitizer for hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of tuberculosis. TB is transmitted through respiratory droplets, not contact, so wearing a mask (choice B) is not effective. Limiting visitor time (choice C) may help reduce exposure, but hand hygiene is more critical. Wearing gloves for oral care (choice D) is important for standard precautions, but hand hygiene is the priority for TB prevention.
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Which of the following best describes the role of an informatics nurse specialist?
- A. Managing electronic health records
- B. Providing technical support
- C. Educating nursing staff
- D. Improving patient care through technology
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Improving patient care through technology. Informatics nurse specialists focus on utilizing technology to enhance patient outcomes and streamline healthcare processes. They analyze data, implement new technologies, and design systems to improve efficiency and quality of care. This role involves understanding both nursing practice and technology to bridge the gap between the two, ultimately benefiting patients.
A: Managing electronic health records - While informatics nurse specialists may oversee EHR systems, their primary focus is on using technology to enhance patient care, not just managing records.
B: Providing technical support - While they may provide some technical support, their main role is to leverage technology to improve patient outcomes, not solely to troubleshoot technical issues.
C: Educating nursing staff - While education is a part of their role, the primary objective of an informatics nurse specialist is to improve patient care through technology, not just educating staff.
A diabetic patient who has reported burning foot pain at night receives a new prescription. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about amitriptyline (Elavil)?
- A. Amitriptyline decreases the depression caused by your foot pain.
- B. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain.
- C. Amitriptyline corrects some of the blood vessel changes that cause pain.
- D. Amitriptyline improves sleep and reduces awareness of nighttime pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, thus helping to prevent the transmission of pain impulses to the brain. This mechanism of action is effective in managing neuropathic pain, such as burning foot pain in diabetic patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because amitriptyline's primary mechanism of action is related to its effects on neurotransmitter reuptake, not directly related to mood improvement, blood vessel changes, or sleep improvement.
Quality management and benchmarking are two approaches used to improve the quality of care. The major difference between these two approaches is which of the following?
- A. Quality management is not useful in the outpatient setting
- B. Benchmarking compares outcomes in a variety of settings and disciplines
- C. Quality management is used only in the primary care setting
- D. Benchmarking looks only at outcomes specific to nursing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benchmarking compares outcomes in a variety of settings and disciplines. Quality management focuses on establishing processes to ensure quality care within a specific setting, while benchmarking involves comparing performance metrics across different settings and disciplines to identify best practices and areas for improvement. Therefore, B is the correct answer as it highlights the key difference between quality management and benchmarking.
Incorrect answers:
A: Quality management can be useful in any healthcare setting, not limited to outpatient.
C: Quality management is applicable across various healthcare settings, not just primary care.
D: Benchmarking looks at outcomes in various areas, not just nursing.
An RN’s current patient and family have presented her with an ethical dilemma. What is the first step the RN should take to find a workable solution to the problem?
- A. Planning
- B. Assessment
- C. Evaluation
- D. Implementation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessment. The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to thoroughly assess the situation. This involves gathering all relevant information, understanding the perspectives of the patient and family, and identifying key ethical principles at stake. Assessment allows the RN to have a clear understanding of the dilemma and its implications before proceeding with any planning, implementation, or evaluation. Planning (A), Implementation (D), and Evaluation (C) are all important steps in the problem-solving process, but without a comprehensive assessment, the RN may not have a solid foundation to address the ethical dilemma effectively.
The process by which registered nurses assess and judge the performance of peers against some predetermined standard is called:
- A. Group evaluation.
- B. Peer review.
- C. Forced distribution evaluation.
- D. Essay evaluation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peer review. Peer review involves registered nurses evaluating and judging the performance of their peers against predetermined standards. This process allows for feedback, improvement, and accountability within the nursing profession.
A: Group evaluation involves assessing the performance of a group as a whole, not individual peers.
C: Forced distribution evaluation is a performance appraisal method where ratings are distributed in a predetermined pattern, not specific to peer assessment.
D: Essay evaluation is a method of assessment based on written responses and does not specifically involve peer assessment.
In summary, peer review is the appropriate term for nurses assessing and judging their peers' performance against predetermined standards.