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While on a hiking trip, Mr. Jones states that a branch of a tree struck his eye. Part of the branch remains lodged in the eye, and the eyelid is bleeding. Appropriate emergency treatment would include
- A. covering the eye with a protective shield
- B. encouraging Mr. Jones to hold his eye closed tightly
- C. applying a pressure dressing to the eye
- D. removing the foreign body and applying a sterile dressing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Covering the eye with a protective shield prevents further injury while awaiting professional medical evaluation and removal of the foreign object.
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A client calls to report redness to the sclera, itching of the eyes, and increased lacrimation for several hours. What should you direct the caller to do first?
- A. Please call your doctor.'
- B. Apply a cool compress to your eyes.'
- C. If you are wearing contact lenses, remove them.'
- D. Take an over-the-counter antihistamine.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Removing contact lenses is the first step to prevent further irritation and allow proper assessment of the eye condition.
The provider requests the nurse to start an infusion of an inotropic agent on a client. How should the nurse explain the action of these drugs to the client and spouse?
- A. It constricts vessels, improving blood flow.
- B. It dilates vessels, which lessens the work of the heart.
- C. It increases the force of the heart's contractions.
- D. It slows the heart rate down for better filling.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: It increases the force of the heart's contractions. Inotropic agents are medications that enhance the strength of the heart's contractions, improving cardiac output. This explanation is accurate because inotropic agents work by increasing the contractility of the heart muscle, leading to stronger contractions and improved pumping ability.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: It constricts vessels, improving blood flow - This is incorrect because inotropic agents primarily affect the heart's contractility, not vascular constriction.
B: It dilates vessels, which lessens the work of the heart - This is incorrect because inotropic agents do not primarily dilate vessels; their main action is on the heart's contractility.
D: It slows the heart rate down for better filling - This is incorrect because inotropic agents do not slow down the heart rate; they increase the force of contractions.
In summary, choice C is correct as inotropic agents increase the force of
You are reviewing the drug list of an elderly client who is on several medications prescribed by different specialists for various health problems. The client reports 'lately there has been a roaring sound in my ears.' You notify the prescriber of which medication?
- A. gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin)
- B. metoprolol (Lopressor)
- C. amoxicillin (Amoxil)
- D. warfarin (Coumadin)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentamicin is an ototoxic medication that can cause tinnitus or hearing loss, warranting notification of the prescriber.
A nurse criticizes the attending physician and suggests that a different physician should care for the patient. What is your best response?
- A. Call the nurse away from the patient and remind him that the patient can still hear even if unconscious.
- B. Report the nurse to the attending physician.
- C. Ask the nurse why he has such feelings.
- D. Simply nod your head in agreement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protecting the patient's dignity and ensuring professionalism is paramount.
Which physiological response is often associated with surgery-related stress?
- A. Bronchial constriction.
- B. Decreased cortisol levels.
- C. Peripheral vasodilation.
- D. Sodium and water retention.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stress activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to sodium and water retention.