Nokea
A healthcare professional wishes to provide client-centered care in all interactions. Which action by the healthcare professional best demonstrates this concept?
- A. Assesses for cultural influences affecting healthcare
- B. Ensures that all the client's basic needs are met
- C. Informs the client and family about all upcoming tests
- D. Thoroughly orients the client and family to the room
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because assessing for cultural influences affecting healthcare aligns with client-centered care by recognizing the individual's unique beliefs and values. This action promotes respect, understanding, and tailored care. Choice B might address physical needs but not necessarily emotional or cultural aspects. Choice C focuses on information sharing rather than understanding the client's perspective. Choice D, while important, does not directly address individualized care based on cultural factors.
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Total parenteral nutrition(TPN), is one of the home therapies being used for Chelsea Mann, 35, with acute ulcerative colitis causing massive diarrhea. She and her family will need instruction about:
- A. caring for the central catheter.
- B. how to mix the TPN solution.
- C. fixing malfunctions occuring in the IV pump.
- D. teaching the neighbors how to care for her.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prevention of infection, and potential septicemia, is of prime importance for someone with a central catheter. Mixing TPN is a very specialized procedure, and should be done under laminar airflow by a pharmacist. IV pumps are machines that do malfunction, but the safest thing to do would be to get the manufacturer to do the repair. Having neighbors be a support to Chelsea and her family may not be possible. More information would be necessary prior to choosing this as an option for a nursing diagnosis.
A nurse cares for a female client who has a family history of cystic fibrosis. The client asks, Will my children have cystic fibrosis? How should the nurse respond?
- A. Since many of your family members are carriers, your children will also be carriers of the gene.
- B. Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder. If you are a carrier, your children will have the disorder.
- C. Since you have a family history of cystic fibrosis, I would encourage you & your partner to be tested.
- D. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a protein that controls the movement of chloride. Adjusting your diet will decrease the spread of this disorder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because it encourages genetic testing for both the client and their partner to assess the risk of passing on the cystic fibrosis gene. This approach provides the necessary information for informed decision-making regarding family planning. A is incorrect because being a carrier does not guarantee that the children will also be carriers. B is incorrect as it inaccurately states that if the client is a carrier, their children will have the disorder. D is incorrect because it oversimplifies the etiology of cystic fibrosis and suggests dietary adjustments as a solution, which is not effective in managing the genetic condition.
At what point should a 24-year-old client without a family history of eye disease have an eye exam?
- A. Annually after the age of 30
- B. Initially, a thorough exam at the age of 40
- C. Initially, a thorough exam at the age of 50
- D. Annually after the age of 50
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For individuals without risk factors, a baseline eye exam is recommended at age 40 to detect early signs of age-related conditions.
What is the best answer that describes a mechanical defense in a client?
- A. Enzymes
- B. Antibodies
- C. Skin and mucous membranes
- D. Secretions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers to prevent pathogen entry.
Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?
- A. An elderly black male with a history of smoking and alcohol use.
- B. A young,white obese female with no known health issues.
- C. A young black male with juvenile onset diabetes.
- D. An elderly white female with a history of pancreatitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking and alcohol use are major risk factors for pancreatic cancer, making the elderly black male with these habits at highest risk.