ATI Hematologic System Quizlet

ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Related

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While taking a client history, which factor(s) that place the client at risk for a hematologic health problem will the nurse document? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Family history of military excellence
  • B. Diet low in iron and protein
  • C. Excessive alcohol consumption
  • D. Family history of allergies
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Excessive alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to hematologic health problems such as anemia and abnormal blood clotting. Alcohol interferes with the production of red blood cells and impairs the function of platelets. Therefore, documenting excessive alcohol consumption is crucial in assessing a client's risk for hematologic issues.

Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Family history of military excellence - This choice is irrelevant to hematologic health problems and does not pose a risk factor.
B: Diet low in iron and protein - While a poor diet can contribute to hematologic issues, this specific choice does not directly indicate a risk factor for hematologic problems.
D: Family history of allergies - Allergies are not directly related to hematologic health problems, so this choice is not relevant in this context.

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Which of the following characteristics are similar with respect to Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF)?

  • A. Both are made in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes.
  • B. Both are activated by thrombin.
  • C. They are present in normal to high relative amounts in newborns.
  • D. They are stored in Weibel-Palade bodies in endothelial cells.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
- Factor VIII and vWF are present in normal to high amounts in newborns due to the physiological immaturity of the hemostatic system.
- Choice A is incorrect as vWF is mainly produced in endothelial cells while Factor VIII is produced in both endothelial cells and liver.
- Choice B is incorrect as Factor VIII is activated by thrombin, but vWF is not.
- Choice D is incorrect as vWF is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies, but Factor VIII is not.

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin taking aspirin to reduce the risk of a cardiovascular event. The nurse should identify that the drug inhibits platelet aggregation by which of the following mechanisms?

  • A. Activating thromboxane A2
  • B. Blocking adenosine diphosphate receptor agonists
  • C. Suppressing specific clotting factors
  • D. Inhibiting cyclooxygenase action in platelets
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhibiting cyclooxygenase action in platelets. Aspirin works by irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase, specifically COX-1, in platelets. By inhibiting COX-1, aspirin prevents the formation of thromboxane A2, which is a potent platelet aggregator. This action reduces platelet aggregation and ultimately decreases the risk of clot formation leading to a cardiovascular event.

Choice A is incorrect because aspirin does not activate thromboxane A2, but rather inhibits its formation. Choice B is incorrect as aspirin does not block adenosine diphosphate receptors. Choice C is incorrect as aspirin does not suppress specific clotting factors, but rather inhibits platelet function through the mechanism described above.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking clopidogrel to prevent stent restenosis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse reactions?

  • A. Hyperuricemia
  • B. Hyponatremia
  • C. Lymphocytopenia
  • D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thrombocytopenia. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that works by preventing blood clots. Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in platelet count, which can lead to bleeding issues. Monitoring for thrombocytopenia is essential as it can be a potential adverse reaction of clopidogrel.

A: Hyperuricemia is not typically associated with clopidogrel.
B: Hyponatremia is not a common adverse reaction of clopidogrel.
C: Lymphocytopenia is not a common side effect of clopidogrel.

In summary, the nurse should monitor for thrombocytopenia as a potential adverse reaction when caring for a client taking clopidogrel.

Outstanding feature of ITP:

  • A. fever
  • B. gum bleeding
  • C. moderate splenomegaly
  • D. stema tenderness
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: gum bleeding. In immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), the hallmark feature is low platelet count leading to easy bruising and bleeding, including gum bleeding. Fever (choice A) is not a typical feature of ITP. Moderate splenomegaly (choice C) is less common in ITP. Stema tenderness (choice D) is not a recognized feature of ITP. Therefore, gum bleeding is the outstanding feature of ITP due to the primary underlying mechanism of platelet destruction.

Your patient with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma returns to your care after travelling to an outside institution for [131]I-MIBG therapy. In the weeks following [131]I-MIBG therapy, what adverse events directly attributable to this therapy will the patient most likely encounter?

  • A. Myelosuppression requiring growth factor and blood product support
  • B. Severe mucositis
  • C. Hemorrhagic cystitis
  • D. Symptomatic hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Myelosuppression requiring growth factor and blood product support is the most likely adverse event following [131]I-MIBG therapy due to its impact on bone marrow. The therapy targets neuroblastoma cells, but can also affect normal bone marrow function, leading to myelosuppression. Growth factors and blood products are often needed to support hematopoiesis.

Summary of Incorrect Answers:
B: Severe mucositis: Not a common adverse event associated with [131]I-MIBG therapy, as it primarily affects the bone marrow.
C: Hemorrhagic cystitis: Not directly related to [131]I-MIBG therapy, which does not typically cause bladder toxicity.
D: Symptomatic hypothyroidism: While [131]I-MIBG therapy can affect thyroid function, symptomatic hypothyroidism is not the most likely adverse event following this therapy.

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