Nokea
While working in a long-term-care (LTC) facility, you are assessing a client with a history of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Which information will require the most immediate action?
- A. Client tells you that he always has trouble starting his urinary stream.
- B. Client's chart shows an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.
- C. Client is restless and his bladder is palpable above the symphysis pubis.
- D. Client says he has not voided since having a glass of juice 4 hours ago.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A palpable bladder indicates urinary retention, which requires immediate action to prevent complications.
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If a radioimmunoassay is properly conducted and the amount of radioactive hormone bound to antibody is low, this would indicate which of the following?
- A. Plasma levels of endogenous hormone are high
- B. Plasma levels of endogenous hormone are low
- C. More antibody is needed
- D. Less radioactive hormone is needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Plasma levels of endogenous hormone are high. When the amount of radioactive hormone bound to the antibody is low in a radioimmunoassay, it indicates that there is a high concentration of non-radioactive, endogenous hormone present in the sample competing for binding sites on the antibody. This competition results in fewer radioactive hormones binding to the antibody. Therefore, the low radioactive hormone binding suggests an abundance of non-radioactive hormone in the sample.
Choice B is incorrect because low levels of radioactive hormone binding do not indicate low plasma levels of endogenous hormone. Choice C is incorrect as more antibody wouldn't affect the binding of radioactive hormone if endogenous hormone levels are high. Choice D is incorrect because the amount of radioactive hormone needed is not related to the binding observed in the assay.
The following secondary sexual characteristics are influenced by the testosterone:
- A. skeleton;
- B. voice;
- C. the secretory modification of the spermatogenic epithelium;
- D. the distribution of excess fat;
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Testosterone is a male sex hormone responsible for developing secondary sexual characteristics.
2. Voice deepening is a well-known secondary sexual characteristic influenced by testosterone.
3. Testosterone affects the larynx, causing vocal cords to lengthen and thicken, leading to a deeper voice.
4. Skeleton development is mainly influenced by growth hormones, not testosterone.
5. Secretory modifications in spermatogenic epithelium are regulated by other hormones like FSH and LH, not testosterone.
6. The distribution of excess fat is influenced by various factors like genetics and metabolism, not specifically testosterone.
Summary:
Voice deepening (choice B) is the correct answer as it is a well-known secondary sexual characteristic influenced by testosterone. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly influenced by testosterone in the context of secondary sexual characteristics.
A zygote is
- A. the same as an ovum
- B. another name for secondary oocyte
- C. a diploid fertilized ovum
- D. the same as polar body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: a diploid fertilized ovum. A zygote is formed when a sperm fertilizes an ovum, resulting in a diploid cell with a complete set of chromosomes. This marks the beginning of a new individual.
A) Incorrect: An ovum is a haploid cell produced by the female reproductive system.
B) Incorrect: A secondary oocyte is a haploid cell that has undergone meiosis II but has not been fertilized yet.
D) Incorrect: A polar body is a haploid cell that is produced during oogenesis and eventually disintegrates.
The process by which a secondary oocyte is ejected from the ovary is called ________.
- A. emission
- B. menses
- C. fertilization
- D. ovulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ovulation. This process involves the release of a mature egg (secondary oocyte) from the ovarian follicle. During ovulation, the egg is released into the fallopian tube, where it can potentially be fertilized by sperm.
A: emission - Incorrect. This term typically refers to the discharge of semen from the male reproductive system.
B: menses - Incorrect. Menses refers to the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation, not the release of an egg from the ovary.
C: fertilization - Incorrect. Fertilization is the process of the sperm uniting with the egg, which occurs in the fallopian tube after ovulation.
Estrogen
- A. Facilitate the growth of ovarian follicles
- B. Cause cystic changes in the vagina
- C. Cause cervical mucous to become more alkanized
- D. Produce ductal proliferation in the breast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Estrogen is known to stimulate ductal proliferation in the breast tissue as part of its role in breast development and maintenance. This is crucial for preparing the breast for potential pregnancy and lactation. The other choices are incorrect because estrogen does not directly cause cystic changes in the vagina, alter the pH of cervical mucus to become more alkaline, or specifically facilitate the growth of ovarian follicles. Estrogen plays a role in ovarian follicle development, but its main function in this context is to stimulate the growth and maturation of the follicles, not just facilitate their growth.