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While working in the clinical facility, the student nurse learns that a family member has been admitted to the same facility. What statement is true about the student's access to the family member's medical record?
- A. The student may access the family member's medical record as a nurse in the facility.
- B. The student nurse should not access the family member's record until obtaining instructor approval.
- C. The student may access the family member's medical record because of the family relationship.
- D. The student nurse should not view the record unless they are providing care for the family member.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The student nurse should not view the family member's record unless they are directly involved in providing care to maintain confidentiality. Accessing the record without a legitimate reason breaches patient confidentiality and violates ethical principles. Choice A is incorrect because being a nurse in the facility does not automatically grant access to a family member's record. Choice B is incorrect as it does not address the primary concern of direct involvement in care. Choice C is incorrect as family relationship alone does not justify accessing the medical record.
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What factor has had the greatest impact on the current nursing shortage?
- A. Later age at which women have children
- B. Decrease in the number of women being born
- C. Overall unemployment rate
- D. Increased employment options for women
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The increased employment options for women have had a significant impact on the current nursing shortage. With more career choices available to women, there is a decrease in the number of individuals pursuing nursing as a profession, contributing to the shortage. This is because women are choosing diverse career paths due to increased opportunities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A later age at which women have children and the decrease in the number of women being born are not directly related to the nursing shortage. The overall unemployment rate, while influencing job availability, is not the primary factor driving the shortage of nurses.
On what basis does the U.S. healthcare system operate?
- A. Healthcare is a basic right provided to all equally.
- B. Ability to pay determines access to care.
- C. Only the rich are entitled to healthcare.
- D. Health insurance is required to obtain care.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the U.S., the healthcare system operates on a model where access to healthcare services is largely determined by an individual's ability to pay for care. This means that those with more financial resources have greater access to a wider range of healthcare services, while those with limited financial means may face barriers to accessing necessary care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because healthcare in the U.S. is not universally provided as a basic right to all equally, it is not exclusively for the rich, and while health insurance is common, it is not the sole determinant of access to care.
According to Watson's theory, how should the nurse manager deal with a staff member who has a substance addiction and is arriving at work under the influence of the substance?
- A. Send the nurse home with instructions not to return until clear of the substance.
- B. Call the police and have the nurse arrested for working while impaired.
- C. Confront the nurse privately, order drug testing, and suggest a substance abuse program.
- D. Notify the board of nursing and fire the nurse immediately.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Watson's theory, a caring approach is essential. Confronting the nurse privately, ordering drug testing, and suggesting a substance abuse program demonstrates empathy and supports the staff member in seeking help for their addiction. This approach aligns with the principles of human caring and compassion, focusing on the well-being and recovery of the individual rather than punitive measures. Choices A and D are too harsh and lack empathy, not considering the individual's well-being or offering support for rehabilitation. Choice B is inappropriate and punitive, not aligned with a caring and compassionate approach as advocated by Watson's theory.
How does a student primarily gain personal knowing?
- A. Arriving at every class on time
- B. Never missing a clinical experience
- C. Taking religious classes
- D. Self-evaluation and conscious examination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Personal knowing in any field, especially in nursing, is primarily acquired through self-evaluation and conscious examination. This process involves reflecting on personal values, beliefs, experiences, and emotions to gain insight into oneself. By engaging in self-evaluation and conscious examination, students can enhance their self-awareness and develop a deeper understanding of themselves. This self-awareness is crucial for nurses as it enables them to provide holistic and patient-centered care. Choices A, B, and C do not directly contribute to personal knowing in the context of nursing. Being punctual, attending all classes, or participating in clinical experiences are important for professional development but do not necessarily lead to the deep self-reflection required for personal knowing.
What theme of critical thinking is demonstrated when an individual decides to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing?
- A. Critical thinking involves productive and positive activities.
- B. Critical thinking is a process, not an outcome.
- C. Manifestations of critical thinking vary based on the context in which they occur.
- D. Critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The decision to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing can be triggered by various factors, both positive (like a desire for career advancement) and negative (like feeling limited without the degree). This decision reflects critical thinking as it involves a thoughtful evaluation of personal and professional goals, weighing potential benefits and consequences. Therefore, the theme of critical thinking demonstrated in this scenario is that critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not specifically address the concept of critical thinking being influenced by positive and negative events as demonstrated in the scenario.