Nokea
Why is environmental health more challenging than other variables related to an individual's health?
- A. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
- B. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their beliefs.
- C. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods and geography.
- D. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to improve.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because environmental health issues are complex and interconnected with social, economic, and political factors. Improving environmental health often involves addressing systemic issues and implementing large-scale changes. This includes policies, regulations, and community initiatives. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because environmental health impacts both individuals and groups, requires more than just individual behavior change, and goes beyond just social neighborhoods and geography.
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What are the steps involved in the community assessment process for community health nurses? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Writing a community diagnosis
- B. Evaluating the outcomes
- C. Collecting assessment data
- D. Identifying the cause of the problem, planning community interventions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Identifying the cause of the problem, planning community interventions. This step is crucial in the community assessment process as it helps community health nurses understand the root cause of health issues and develop effective interventions. First, identifying the cause allows for targeted interventions. Second, planning interventions ensures that resources are allocated efficiently. Writing a community diagnosis (A) is an important step but comes after identifying the cause. Evaluating outcomes (B) is necessary but occurs after interventions are implemented. Collecting assessment data (C) is an initial step but does not encompass the entire community assessment process.
Which best describes an example of primary prevention in maternal newborn care?
- A. Providing prenatal education classes
- B. Screening for gestational diabetes
- C. Providing postpartum support groups
- D. Offering breastfeeding support
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or health condition before it happens. Providing prenatal education classes falls under primary prevention as it educates expecting mothers on healthy behaviors during pregnancy to prevent complications. This empowers them with knowledge and skills to promote their own and their baby's wellbeing. Screening for gestational diabetes (B) is a form of secondary prevention, as it detects a condition early to prevent its progression. Providing postpartum support groups (C) and offering breastfeeding support (D) are important interventions for promoting maternal and newborn health, but they are considered more as supportive or tertiary prevention measures rather than primary prevention.
Which of the following describes a valid way to collect data for community assessment?
- A. Using a library database to conduct a literature review
- B. All of these strategies are helpful in conducting a community assessment
- C. Using surveys or questionnaires to gather information from members of the community
- D. Reading government documents to determine if similar data have already been collected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting a community assessment involves utilizing multiple strategies to gather comprehensive data. This includes using library databases for literature reviews (A), surveys/questionnaires to collect community input (C), and examining government documents for existing data (D). By combining these methods, a more thorough and accurate assessment can be achieved. Option B acknowledges the importance of employing a variety of strategies to ensure a well-rounded approach to data collection. Options A, C, and D are individually valid methods but do not encompass the full range of strategies necessary for a comprehensive community assessment.
Barriers to a patient's engagement in self-care include all of the following except:
- A. Mental health issues
- B. Lack of knowledge
- C. High health literacy
- D. Financial issues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: High health literacy. High health literacy actually facilitates a patient's engagement in self-care by enabling them to understand health information and make informed decisions. Mental health issues, lack of knowledge, and financial issues are barriers as they can affect a patient's ability to effectively manage their own care. Mental health issues may result in poor motivation or cognitive impairment, lack of knowledge can lead to incorrect practices, and financial issues can limit access to necessary resources.
Which action exemplifies a policy-level intervention in community health?
- A. Providing health education to the community
- B. Advocating for legislative changes
- C. Implementing new treatment protocols
- D. Developing health policies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocating for legislative changes. Policy-level interventions focus on creating systemic change through laws or regulations. Advocating for legislative changes involves influencing policies that impact community health on a broader scale. This action can address underlying social determinants of health and create sustainable improvements. Providing health education (A) is important but is at an individual or community level, not policy-level. Implementing new treatment protocols (C) and developing health policies (D) are important but are specific actions within the healthcare system, not overarching policy-level interventions like advocating for legislative changes.