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Why is it necessary to flush a feeding tube with 30 to 60 mL of water before and 20 to 30 mL after administration of medications?
- A. To prevent interactions of medications with the formula in the tube
- B. To give the patient some much-needed fluid intake
- C. To prevent adherence of the drug to the tube
- D. To ensure fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained
- E. To prevent clogging of the tube
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Flushing prevents medication interactions with formula (A), adherence to the tube (C), and clogging (E). Fluid intake (B) and electrolyte balance (D) are not primary reasons.
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Which medication would be administered via the nasal route?
- A. Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
- B. Nicotine (Nicotrol)
- C. Timolol (Timoptic)
- D. Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
- E. Steroids (Rhinocort)
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Nicotine (Nicotrol), calcitonin (Miacalcin), and steroids (Rhinocort) are nasal medications. Guaifenesin is oral, and timolol is ophthalmic.
You are preparing to administer a liquid suspension. What must you do first?
- A. Shake the bottle well to mix the medication with the liquid.
- B. Measure the medication and have it checked by another licensed person.
- C. Rotate the bottle carefully between the palms to mix it.
- D. Clean the lid of the bottle with an alcohol swab before opening it.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Liquid suspensions settle over time, so shaking the bottle well ensures the medication is evenly distributed before measuring.
How can you prevent eye drops from being absorbed into the bloodstream and causing unwanted systemic effects?
- A. Press your gloved fingertips gently against the lacrimal ducts for a few seconds.
- B. Ensure that the medication is for otic use only.
- C. Instruct the patient to sit or lie very still for 5 to 10 minutes after administration.
- D. Press your gloved fingers at the outer canthus of each eye for 30 seconds.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressing the lacrimal ducts prevents medication from entering the nasolacrimal duct and being absorbed systemically.
If an enteric-coated tablet was crushed and administered through a PEG tube, what would be the result?
- A. The patient would get too much medication at one time, causing an overdose.
- B. The patient would not get the desired effect from the medication because of contact with stomach acid.
- C. The patient would experience gastric irritation because the tablets are not designed to dissolve until they reach the intestines.
- D. The patient would still get the desired effects from the medication with no increase in ill effects.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Enteric-coated tablets are designed to dissolve in the intestines, not the stomach. Crushing them exposes the medication to stomach acid, which may inactivate it (B) and cause gastric irritation (C).
You are teaching a male patient to apply a nitroglycerin transdermal patch. You know the patient needs more teaching when he states
- A. I will be sure I remove the previous patch prior to putting on a new one.
- B. I will put the patch on a place without much body hair.
- C. I will not cut the patch to make it fit a smaller area.
- D. I will place the new patch in the same place as the previous one.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patches should be rotated to different sites to prevent skin irritation. The other statements are correct.