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Which are included in the oral route of administration?
- A. Swallowing
- B. Sublingual
- C. Inhaling
- D. Buccal
- E. Nasal
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: The oral route of administration includes methods where medications are taken by mouth, such as swallowing (A), placing under the tongue (sublingual, B), and placing against the cheek (buccal, D). Inhaling (C) and nasal (E) are not oral routes.
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Prefilled vaginal applicators are generally used for
- A. The treatment of localized yeast infections.
- B. The treatment of systemic yeast infections.
- C. The treatment of vaginitis.
- D. The treatment of septicemia.
- E. Contraception when containing a spermicide.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Vaginal applicators treat localized yeast infections (A), vaginitis (C), and provide contraception with spermicides (E). Systemic infections (B) and septicemia (D) require systemic treatments.
To administer an eye drop, you will place the drop in the
- A. Inner canthus of the eye.
- B. Outer canthus of the eye.
- C. Middle part of the lower conjunctival sac.
- D. Middle of the eye, directly onto the pupil.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placing eye drops in the lower conjunctival sac ensures proper absorption and minimizes discomfort or corneal damage.
You are teaching a male patient to apply a nitroglycerin transdermal patch. You know the patient needs more teaching when he states
- A. I will be sure I remove the previous patch prior to putting on a new one.
- B. I will put the patch on a place without much body hair.
- C. I will not cut the patch to make it fit a smaller area.
- D. I will place the new patch in the same place as the previous one.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patches should be rotated to different sites to prevent skin irritation. The other statements are correct.
A patient complains of incision pain after surgery. Two pain medications are ordered: Meperidine (Demerol) 75 mg for moderate to severe pain and hydrocodone with acetaminophen (Lortab) 7.5/500 mg for mild to moderate pain. The patient rates her pain at a 5 on a 0 to 10 scale. Her vital signs are T 98.8, P 86, R 14, and BP 104/60. Your next action would be to
- A. Administer the Demerol prescribed for moderate to severe pain.
- B. Instruct the patient to wait an hour for her pain medication to see if her blood pressure increases.
- C. Administer Lortab prescribed for mild to moderate pain.
- D. Administer 1 dose of Demerol and 1 dose of Lortab together to relieve her pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pain rating of 5 is mild to moderate, so Lortab is appropriate. Demerol is for more severe pain, and combining both is unsafe. Waiting an hour delays pain relief unnecessarily.
When you are administering medications to elderly patients, which assessments will you make?
- A. Take a full set of vital signs before administering any medications.
- B. Monitor for increased neurological side effects, toxicity symptoms, and undesired effects frequently.
- C. Assess lung sounds and bowel sounds before administering any medications.
- D. Assess liver and kidney function tests for toxic effects of medications.
- E. Monitor for possible interactions of prescribed and over-the-counter medicines and supplements.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Elderly patients are prone to side effects and toxicity (B), require monitoring of liver/kidney function (D), and are at risk for drug interactions (E). Vital signs (A) and lung/bowel sounds (C) are not universally required.